QUADRATIC

FOURTH QUARTER

FUNCTION
 Characteristics of a Parabola

Vertex This can either be the lowest (minimum) or

highest (maximum) point of the parabola.
Opening of If a > 0, then the graph opens upward,
Parabola If a <0, the graph opens downward.
Axis of The axis of symmetry is an imaginary
Symmetry straight line that divides a shape into
two identical parts
 Characteristics of a Parabola
Domain The domain of a function is the set To determine the domain of a
of all possible values of x. QF, identify the left and the
right most values of x in the
graph.

Range The range is the set of y- values that To determine the range of a QF,
is obtained by substituting the value identify the lower and upper
of x. most values of y in the graph.

X- intercept The x-intercept is where a line crosses the x-axis

Y- intercept the y-intercept is the point where the line crosses the y-axis.
 QUADRATIC FUNCTION

the form , where 𝑎≠0. The graph of a

Quadratic functions are equations of

quadratic function is a parabola— a

U-shaped curve that may open

the value of 𝑎.
upward or downward depending on
C O M P L E T E Q U A D R AT I C
E Q U AT I O N
 COMPLETE QUADRATIC EQUATION
(
Steps to Graph Complete Quadratic Function:
• Step 1: Determine the Axis of Symmetry.
For a quadratic function in the form , first find the axis of symmetry using the
formula:
Then substitute this 𝑥-value back into the function to find the 𝑦-coordinate of
the vertex.
• Step 2: Identify the Vertex(x, f(x))
• Step 3: Plot the parabola.
S TA N DA R D
FORM
 LESSON OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
• Recognize and write quadratic functions in the
standard form
• Explain how the value of 𝑎 affects the direction and
steepness of the graph of
• Identify and describe the vertex and axis of symmetry
of the graph of a quadratic function in the form
Have you ever noticed how the height or width of
things can change depending on how much pressure
or force is applied? For example, when you squeeze
a soft ball, it becomes narrower. When you let go, it
becomes wider.
 STANDARD FORM (
This form is the simplest representation of a
quadratic function, with the vertex at the origin.
• The parabola is centered at (0,0), and the
value of a determines its width and direction.
• The a controls how "steep" or "wide" the
parabola appears.
 STANDARD FORM (

Example
1:
(model function)
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL FUNCTION

What
have you
Example observed
2: ?
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL FUNCTION

What
have you
Example observed
2: ?

Example
3:
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL How
FUNCTION about
if a is
less
than
1?
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION

Example
4:
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION

Example
4:
Example
5:
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 6:
 STANDARD FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 6:

Example 7:
When facing a difficult situation, how do you
determine when to push harder and when to
ease up?
In the same way that the value of a affects the "steepness"
or "wideness" of the graph in , in life, balancing effort is
important. Sometimes, pushing forward with determination
leads to progress, while other times, adjusting or easing up
allows for better results. Understanding when to change
your approach is essential for finding success in various
aspects of life.
 Coefficient 𝑎 affects the Narrow or Wide of the
Graded Activity 4.2: Understanding How the

Parabola
Instructions: Consider the following quadratic functions. For each function,
identify if the graph is narrow or wide compared to

1.
Process Question:
If you compare the graphs of and , which one is narrower and which one is wider?
Why do you think that happens?
V E RT I C A L S H I F T
FORM
 LESSON OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

• Explain how the values of 𝑎 and 𝑘 affect the direction,

• Identify and write quadratic functions in the form .

• Analyze the impact of 𝑘 on the vertical position of the graph,

steepness, and vertical shift of the graph of .

and describe the relationship between 𝑎 and the graph’s

shape.
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
This is a modified version of the standard form, with the

• The parabola is "lifted" or "lowered" by 𝑘, with the

parabola shifted vertically.

vertex located at (0,𝑘).

• 𝑘>0: Moves the parabola upward.
• 𝑘<0: Moves the parabola downward.
• Use: This form helps visualize how the parabola behaves when
shifted up or down while maintaining symmetry around the y-axis.
VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 2:
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 2:

Example 3:
VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 2:
 VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
Example 1: MODEL
FUNCTION

Example 2:

Example 3:
VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
MODEL
FUNCTION
VERTICAL SHIFT FORM (
 How can you apply the concept of vertical
shifts from this lesson to adjust to changes
in your
The vertical shift in is a powerful own
reminder life?
that life is full of changes that require us
to adapt. Just as a graph shifts up or down based on the value of k, we too face
situations where we must adjust our mindset, goals, or actions. Whether it’s
transitioning to a new school year, adapting to a different environment, or
reevaluating personal or academic goals, how we handle these shifts shapes our
growth. By understanding the importance of recognizing when a change is needed
and responding thoughtfully, we can navigate life's challenges more effectively. Each
"shift" is an opportunity for personal growth, strengthening our ability to adapt,
learn, and persevere through life’s transitions. Embracing these shifts allows us to
move forward with resilience, confidence, and a deeper understanding of how to
overcome obstacles and continue our journey toward success.
 the constant 𝑘 in the quadratic function
Graded Activity 4.3: Exploring the Vertical Shift in Quadratic
Objective: Understand howFunctions
affects the vertical position of the graph.
Instructions: For each quadratic function, identify whether the graph shifts
up, down, or stays the same, and specify the amount of the vertical shift.

Process Question:
If two quadratic functions have the same a value but different k values, how would
their graphs compare? What stays the same, and what changes?
 LESSON OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
Here are the updated lesson objectives:
1. Identify and explain the vertex of a quadratic function in the
form , including the reasoning behind using the opposite sign
for h.
2. Graph quadratic functions in vertex form by identifying the
vertex and sketching the graph.
3. Analyze the effect of the value of “h" on the graph, including
how it changes the direction.
H O R I Z O N TA L S H I F T
FORM
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
This form shifts the parabola horizontally from the
origin.
• The parabola moves to the right or left depending
on ℎ. The vertex is at (ℎ,0)
• ℎ>0: Shifts the parabola to the right.
• ℎ<0: Shifts the parabola to the left.
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• a: This value affects how wide or narrow the
parabola is, and whether it opens up (if a > 0) or
down (if a < 0).
• h: This value controls the horizontal shift (left or
right).
• The vertex of the parabola is at the point (h, 0)
when k = 0 (we will focus on horizontal shift first).
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• The h value determines how far the graph
moves horizontally.

• If the equation is f(x) = (x - 2)², the vertex will be at (2, 0).

• The graph will shift to the right by 2 units.

• If the equation is f(x) = (x + 3)², the vertex will be at (-3, 0).

• The graph will shift to the left by 3 units.
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Why the opposite sign?
• When the equation is written as f(x) = (x - h)²,
we use the opposite sign for h.
• This means that when x - h = 0, it tells us the
graph will move to h.
• For example, f(x) = (x - 4)² means the vertex is
4 units to the right.
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 1: Graph
• Vertex: h= -1 (1,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 1: Graph
• Vertex: h= -1 (1,0)
• Example 2:
Graph
• Vertex: h= -2 (2,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 1: Graph
• Vertex: h= -1 (1,0)
• Example 2:
Graph
• Vertex: h= -2 (2,0)
• Example 3:
Graph
• Vertex: h= -3 (3,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 4: Graph
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 4: Graph
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
• Example 5:
Graph
• Vertex: h= 2 (-2,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 4: Graph
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
• Example 5:
Graph
• Vertex: h= 2 (-2,0)
• Example 6:
Graph
• Vertex: h= 3 (-3,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM

• Example 7: Graph
• Opening of the
Parabola=
Downwards
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 7: Graph
• Opening of the
Parabola=
Downwards
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
• Example 8: Graph
• Opening of the
Parabola=
Downwards
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
 HORIZONTAL SHIFT FORM
• Example 7: Graph
• Opening of the
Parabola=
Downwards
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
• Example 8: Graph
• Opening of the
Parabola=
Downwards
• Vertex: h= 1 (-1,0)
Graded Activity 4.4: Horizontal Shifts of Quadratic Functions
Objective: Understand how the h in the quadratic function
affects the horizontal position of the graph.
Instructions: For each quadratic function, identify whether the graph shifts
left or right, and specify the amount of the horizontal shift.

Process Question:
If two quadratic functions have different a values but the same h values, how would their
graphs compare? What stays the same, and what changes?
After answering the question, graph any two quadratic functions from the list above with
the same h value and different a values.
 When you look back at past decisions or changes you’ve
made, can you identify times when you’ve made a positive
shift in your life? How did that shift impact your growth, and
what did you learn from it?
The horizontal shift in reflects how life moves us in different directions—sometimes
forward, sometimes backward. A shift to the right can symbolize progress, like
pursuing new challenges or stepping out of our comfort zone. A shift to the left might
represent setbacks, but these moments are opportunities to reflect, grow, and adjust.

Life’s shifts remind us that progress isn’t always linear, but we remain capable of
adapting and moving forward. Each shift, whether positive or negative, shapes our
journey, teaching us resilience and the value of embracing change.
V E RT E X F O R M
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM
The vertex form of a quadratic function is:

• 𝑎 is the coefficient that determines the direction and width of the

Where:

parabola. If 𝑎>0, the parabola opens upward, and if 𝑎<0, it opens

• (ℎ,𝑘) is the vertex of the parabola, which is the highest or lowest point
downward.

depending on the value of 𝑎.

• ℎ is the x-coordinate of the vertex, and 𝑘 is the y-coordinate of the vertex.
• This form is useful for easily graphing the quadratic function and
understanding its transformations.
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 1:
Graph +1

a=1 (opening upward)

h= 1 (move 1 unit to the right)
k=1 (move 1 unit up)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 2:
Graph +2

a=1 (opening upward)

h= 2 (move 2 units to the right)
k=2 (move 2 units up)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 3:
Graph +3

a=1 (opening upward)

h= 3 (move 3 units to the right)
k=3 (move 3 units up)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 4:
Graph

a=1 (opening upward)

h= -1 (move 1 unit to the left)
k=-1 (move 1 unit down)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 5:
Graph

a=1 (opening upward)

h= -2 (move 2 units to the left)
k=-2 (move 2 units down)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 6:
Graph

a=1 (opening upward)

h= -3 (move 3 units to the right)
k=-4 (move 4 units down)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 7:
Graph

a=1 (opening upward)

h= -4 (move 4 units to the left)
k=-5 (move 5 units down)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 8:
Graph

a=-1 (opening downward)

h= -1 (move 1 units to the left)
k=-2 (move 2 units down)
 VERTEX SHIFT FORM

• Example 9:
Graph

a=-1 (opening downward)

h= 1 (move 1 units to the right)
k=2 (move 2 units up)
Graded Activity 4.5: Vertex Form of Quadratic Functions
Objective: Understand how the h and k in the quadratic function
affects the horizontal and vertical position of the graph.

Instructions: For each quadratic function, identify how the graph shifts:
1.Up or Down – Specify the amount of vertical shift.
2.Left or Right – Specify the amount of horizontal shift.
THANK
YO U