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IoT_Lect_3_Sensors

The document discusses various sensors used in the Internet of Things, including water level sensors, raindrop sensors, flame sensors, and gas sensors. Each sensor's working principle, components, and applications are described, highlighting their importance in monitoring environmental conditions. Additionally, it provides details about specific gas sensors in the MQ series and their measurement capabilities.

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10 views32 pages

IoT_Lect_3_Sensors

The document discusses various sensors used in the Internet of Things, including water level sensors, raindrop sensors, flame sensors, and gas sensors. Each sensor's working principle, components, and applications are described, highlighting their importance in monitoring environmental conditions. Additionally, it provides details about specific gas sensors in the MQ series and their measurement capabilities.

Uploaded by

metallurgyaditya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Internet of Things

and Applications
Class: TYB.TECH
LECTURE: 3
Mr.Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar
DATE: 17/08/2021
SENSORS
Water Level Sensor
Hardware
• The sensor has a series of ten exposed copper traces, five of
which are power traces and five are sense traces.
• These traces are interlaced so that there is one sense trace
between every two power traces.
• Usually these traces are not connected but are bridged by water
when submerged.
• The working of the water level sensor is pretty straightforward.
• The series of exposed parallel conductors, together acts as
a variable resistor (just like a potentiometer) whose resistance
varies according to the water level.
• The change in resistance corresponds to the distance from the
top of the sensor to the surface of the water.
• The resistance is inversely proportional to the height of the
water:
• The more water the sensor is immersed in, results in better
conductivity and will result in a lower resistance.
• The less water the sensor is immersed in, results in poor
conductivity and will result in a higher resistance.
• The sensor produces an output voltage according to the
resistance, which by measuring we can determine the
water level.
Rain drop sensor
• Raindrop sensor is basically a board on which nickel is coated in
the form of lines. It works on the principal of resistance. Rain
Sensor module allows to measure moisture via analog output pins
and it provides a digital output when a threshold of moisture
exceeds.
• The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It
can be used as a switch when raindrop falls through the
raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity.
• The module features, a rain board and the control board that is
separate for more convenience, power indicator LED and an
adjustable sensitivity though a potentiometer.
• The rain drop sensor module is a smart and low-cost rain
sensing device. It has two parts i.e. a rain sensing module and
a control board.
• The sensitive sensing module detects any water present on it
while the control board reads these signals and can also
binarize them.
• The rain drop module has a major application in the
automobile industry. It can be used to monitor the rain and
send closure requests to shutters or windows whenever the
rain is detected.
Pin Name Function

Positive power supply pin. It


VCC
powers the sensor.

GND Reference potential pin

Digital output pin. It gives the


D0 digital output of the internal
comparator circuit.

Analog output pin. It serves to


A0 give analog signals between 0-5
Volts .

+/- Rain pad Connecting Headers


Flame sensor
• A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence
of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection.
• A flame detector can often respond faster and more accurately than a smoke
or heat detector due to the mechanisms it uses to detect the flame.
• A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor.
That’s why this sensor module is used in flame alarms.
• This sensor detects flame otherwise wavelength within the range of 760 nm –
1100 nm from the light source.
• This sensor can be easily damaged to high temperature. So this sensor can
be placed at a certain distance from the flame. The output of this sensor is an
analog signal or digital signal. These sensors are used in fire fighting robots
like as a flame alarm.
• This sensor/detector can be built with an electronic circuit using a
receiver like electromagnetic radiation. This sensor uses the
infrared flame flash method, which allows the sensor to work
through a coating of oil, dust, water vapor, otherwise ice.
• Flame-sensors are classified into four types
• IR single frequency
• IR multi-spectrum
• UV flame detectors
• UV/ IR flame detectors
Pin Functions
• Pin1 (VCC pin): Voltage supply rages from 3.3V to 5.3V
• Pin2 (GND): This is a ground pin
• Pin3 (AOUT): This is an analog output pin (MCU.IO)
• Pin4 (DOUT): This is a digital output pin (MCU.IO)
Flame sensor
GAS SENSORS
• Gas sensors (also known as gas detectors) are electronic
devices that detect and identify different types of gasses.
They are commonly used to detect toxic or explosive
gasses and measure gas concentration.
• Gas sensors vary widely in size (portable and fixed),
range, and sensing ability. They are often part of a larger
embedded system, such as hazmat and security
systems, and they are normally connected to an audible
alarm or interface.
Gas Sensor(MQ2)
• Gas Sensor(MQ2) module is useful for gas leakage
detection (home and industry). It is suitable for detecting
H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol, Smoke, or Propane. Due to its
high sensitivity and fast response time, a measurement
can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the
sensor can be adjusted by the potentiometer
• Metal oxide gas sensors increase their electrical resistance
as they come into contact with gasses such as carbon
monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and butane. Most home
based smoke detection systems are oxide based sensors.
• MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors in MQ
sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
type Gas Sensor also known as Chemiresistors as the
detection is based upon change of resistance of the
sensing material when the Gas comes in contact with the
material.
some MQ series of gas sensors

• MQ-2 - Methane, Butane, LPG, smoke


• MQ-3 - Alcohol, Ethanol, smoke
• MQ-4 - Methane, CNG Gas
• MQ-5 - Natural gas, LPG
• MQ-6 - LPG, butane gas
• MQ-7 - Carbon Monoxide
• MQ-8 - Hydrogen Gas
• MQ-9 - Carbon Monoxide, flammable gasses
• MQ131 - Ozone
• MQ135 - Air Quality (CO, Ammonia, Benzene, Alcohol, smoke)
• MQ136 - Hydrogen Sulfide gas
• MQ137 - Ammonia
• MQ138 - Benzene, Toluene, Alcohol, Acetone, Propane, Formaldehyde gas, Hydrogen
• MQ214 - Methane, Natural gas
PPM
• When measuring gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, or
methane, the term concentration is used to describe the
amount of gas by volume in the air. The 2 most common
units of measurement are parts-per-million, and percent
concentration.
• Parts-per-million (abbreviated ppm) is the ratio of one gas
to another. For example, 1,000ppm of CO means that if you
could count a million gas molecules, 1,000 of them would
be of carbon monoxide and 999,000 molecules would be
some other gases.

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