Scribd
Upload
6 views

(Presentation) T Cell and APCs

The document discusses the importance of cell-cell interactions in immunology, focusing on T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages. It explains the mechanisms of MHC class I and class II in antigen presentation, highlighting their roles in immune response initiation, immune recognition, and transplantation. The historical context of MHC discovery and its functional significance in distinguishing self from non-self is also outlined.

Uploaded by

haideraligm7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

(Presentation) T Cell and APCs

The document discusses the importance of cell-cell interactions in immunology, focusing on T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages. It explains the mechanisms of MHC class I and class II in antigen presentation, highlighting their roles in immune response initiation, immune recognition, and transplantation. The historical context of MHC discovery and its functional significance in distinguishing self from non-self is also outlined.

Uploaded by

haideraligm7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

CELL – CELL

INTERACTIO
N (T CELLS
& APCs)

HAIDER ALI &


HAMZA ZAFAR
(GROUP – 4)
OBJECTIVES

 Cell – Cell Interaction


 T Cells and Antigen Presenting Cells
 MHC 1 and MHC 2 Mechanism
CELL – CELL INTERACTION

 Cell – Cell Interaction in immunology refers to the complex


communication between different types of immune cells Such as;
 T cells
 B cells
 Dendritic Cells
 Macrophages
 Natural Killer cells
INTERACTIONS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE

 Initiating the Immune Response


 Activating Immune cells
 Regulating Immune responses
 Maintaining Immune tolerance
TYPES OF CELL – CELL INTERACTIONS

 Antigen Presentation (APCs Present antigens to T cells)


 Cell Adhesion (Cells interact through adhesion molecules)
 Cytokine signaling (Cells Communicate through cytokines)
 Cell- Cell Contact (Direct contact between Cells)
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

Antigen Presenting Cells


(APCs)
 Antigen Presenting cells (APCs) are
immune cells that play a crucial
role in initiating immune responses Dendritic Cell
by presenting antigens to T cells.
 Dendritic Cells
 Macrophages
 B Cells
 Monocytes

B Cell Macrophage
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION BY MHC
 MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)
 “MHC Molecules are membrane proteins on APCs that display peptide
antigens for recognition by T cells.
 The MHC was discovered as the genetic locus that is the principal
determinant of acceptance or rejection of tissue grafts exchanged between
individuals.
 Physiologic role of MHC molecules is to display peptides derived from
microbial protein antigens to antigen-specific T lymphocytes as a first
step in protective T cell–mediated immune responses to microbes.
DISCOVERY OF MHC

Historical Context
 Early 20th Century – Scientists discovered Tissue Transplant Rejection
 1930s – 1950s – Researchers identified a genetic Complex controlling transplant
rejection in mice
 1960s – Similar Complexes were discovered in humans

Name Origin
 “Major” refers to the “Significant role in transplant rejection”
 “Histo” (Greek Word histos) “Tissue”
 “Compatibility” refers to the “Ability of tissue to Coexist without rejection”
 “Complex” refers to the “Genetic region’s complexity and multiple loci”
FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MHC

 Antigen Presentation (Displaying peptide fragments to T cells)


 Immune Recognition (Distinguishing self from non-self)
 Transplantation (Determining tissue compatibility)
CLASSES OF MHC
CLASS I MHC
 Class I MHC Expressing cells
 All Nucleated Cells

 Alpha Chain (
 and (Peptide Binding Cleft)
 Site for CD8 Coreceptors
 Beta Chain (
MHC I PATHWAY OF PROCESSING OF CYTOSOLIC
ANTIGENS

 Proteolysis of Cellular Proteins


 Ubiquitin (Multiple Copies of Peptides that regulate Protein degradation through
Proteosome)
 Proteosome (Stacked rings of Proteolytic enzymes)

 Binding of Peptides to Class I MHC


 TAPS (Transporter associated with antigen Processing)
 Tapasin (Newly Synthesized MHC I attached with Tapasin by a linker Protein called
Tapasin)
 Transport of peptide-MHC Complexes to the cell surface
MHC I PATHWAY OF PROCESSING OF CYTOSOLIC
ANTIGENS
CLASS II MHC
 Class II MHC Expressing cells
 Dendritic cell
 Macrophage
 B Cells

 Alpha Chain (
 Beta Chain (
 & (Peptide Binding Cleft)
 & (Site for Coreceptors of CD4)
MHC II PATHWAY OF PROCESSING INTERNALIZED
VESICULAR ANTIGEN

 Internalization and Digestion of antigens


 Binding of Peptides to MHC Molecule
 Invariant Chain ( Ii ) which contains a sequence called (CLIP)
 HLA-DM (MHC Like molecule functions to Exchange the CLIP with Peptide)

 Transport of Peptide-MHC Complexes to the cell surface


MHC II PATHWAY OF PROCESSING INTERNALIZED
VESICULAR ANTIGEN
REFERENCES

 BASIC IMMUNOLOGY, Functions and Disorders of Immune System,


Fifth Edition by Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, and Shiv Pillai

You might also like