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Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of inspecting and modeling data to extract useful information for decision-making. It includes five types: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and inferential analysis, with descriptive analysis focusing on identifying trends using current and historical data. Inferential statistics allow conclusions about a larger population based on sample data, employing methods such as t-tests and ANOVA for hypothesis testing.

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2 views

Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of inspecting and modeling data to extract useful information for decision-making. It includes five types: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and inferential analysis, with descriptive analysis focusing on identifying trends using current and historical data. Inferential statistics allow conclusions about a larger population based on sample data, employing methods such as t-tests and ANOVA for hypothesis testing.

Uploaded by

Jira Itefa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is data analysis?

What is data?
Data is information such as facts and numbers used to analyze
something or make decisions.

*Dataanalysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming,


and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful
information, informing conclusions, and supporting
decision-making.

*Thepurpose of Data Analysis is to extract useful information


from data and taking the decision based upon the data
analysis.
The five types of data analysis are:
•Descriptive Analysis.
•Diagnostic Analysis.
•Predictive Analysis.
•Prescriptive Analysis.
• inferential analysis
Descriptive analytics is the process of using current and historical data
to identify trends and relationships. It's sometimes called the simplest
form of data analysis because it describes trends and relationships but
doesn't dig deeper.
There are 3 main data collection methods in descriptive research, namely;
observational method, case study method, and survey research .

• A key advantage of descriptive analytics is that it requires only basic math


skills and allows you to present otherwise complex data in an easily
digestible format.
Descriptive statistics describe, show, and summarize the basic features of
a dataset found in a given study, presented in a summary that describes
the data sample and its measurements. It helps analysts to understand the
data better.
There are four major types of descriptive statistics:
Measures of Frequency: * Count, Percent, Frequency.
•Measures of Central Tendency. * Mean, Median, and Mode. ...
•Measures of Dispersion or Variation. * Range, Variance, Standard Deviation.
•Measures of Position. * Percentile Ranks, Quartile Ranks.

Inferential statistical analysis


is the method that will be used to draw the conclusions. It allows users to infer or
conclude trends about a larger population based on the samples that are analyzed.
Basically, it takes data from a sample and then makes conclusions about a larger population
or group.
Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.
Step 2: Select an appropriate inferential statistical test.
Step 3: Select level of significance.
Step 4: Determine regions of the rejection region.
Step 5: Perform test.
Step 6: Make a conclusive statement stemming from the result
of the test.

• There are three basic types of t-tests: one-sample t-test, independent-samples t-


test, and dependent-samples (or paired-samples) t-test. For all t-tests, you are
simply looking at the difference between the means and dividing that difference by
some measure of variation.
 Difference between one sample and a two-sample test: One sample test
is done when we have one population and a sample is drawn from
that population, but the two-sample test needs two population for
testing hypothesis.

 The Paired Samples t Test compares the means of two measurements


taken from the same individual, object, or related units. These
"paired" measurements can represent things like: A measurement taken at
two different times (e.g., pre-test and post-test score with an intervention
administered between the two time points)
• Another fundamental set of inferential statistics falls under the general linear
model and includes analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and regression. To
determine whether group means are different, use the t test or the ANOVA.
• The ANOVA test allows a comparison of more than two groups at the same
time to determine whether a relationship exists between them .
There are two types of ANOVA that are commonly used, the one-way
ANOVA and the two-way ANOVA

• One-Way ANOVA ("analysis of variance") compares the means of two or more independent
groups in order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated
population means are significantly different. One-Way ANOVA is a parametric test. This
test is also known as: One-Factor ANOVA.

• A two-way ANOVA is used to estimate how the mean of a quantitative variable


changes according to the levels of two categorical variables. Use a two-way ANOVA
when you want to know how two independent variables, in combination, affect a
dependent variable.
• Two-Way ANOVA. The two-way analysis of variance is an extension to the one-way
analysis of variance. There are two independent variables (hence the name two-way).

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