MODULE – 1

VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

Introduction
 Video Surveillance System (VSS) can provide real
time image information by capturing,
transmission, display , store and control
equipments. Then the surveillance operator can
observe each person’s activity and important
high-value assets in monitoring areas and
record information in the control room .
 CCTV system is a surveillance technology in
which a number of video cameras are connected
in a closed circuit or loop, and the images
produced are sent to the central monitor or
recorder.
Cont…
 The term ‘closed circuit’ refers to the
fact that the system is self-contained,
the signals only being accessible by
equipment within the system. This is in
contrast to ‘broadcast television’, where
the signals may be accessed by anyone
with the correct receiving equipment.
History of Video surveillance system

 Technology-aided surveillance began in the 1970s

with closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems that
were analog based.
 These systems were built from cameras,
multiplexers, time-lapse video camera recorders
(VCR) and monitors.
 They required a lot of coaxial cable wiring to send
and store the video onto video tapes.
 These analog systems were based on the original
TV standards from the mid 1900s that are
becoming obsolete in the new century due to HD
(High Definition) TV.
Cont…
 Problems experienced in VCR system:-
 Time consuming review of rewinding the
tapes
 High operational costs
 It does support analog wireless and new
applications
 It has very low video quality than recent IP
camera
 And others…
Cont…
 Due to the problems experienced with the VCR,
in 1990s people began installing digital video
recorders (DVRs) as that technology became
available.
 In a DVR, a digital storage media such as a
computer hard drive is used for storing the video
recordings.
 The most recent recording overwrites the oldest,
allowing uninterrupted and continuous recording.
 Recordings could be transferred to a tape for
archiving if needed.
Cont…
 With digital video recording the storage of
surveillance images no longer had quality
loss over time (as opposed to traditional
videotapes) and manual intervention was
greatly reduced, resulting in a lower cost
overall.
 A DVR is usually a local solution where at
least one DVR unit is required per
location, although some began to offer
some capabilities for remote surveillance.
Cont…
 Axis Communications and IQinVision
both came out in the early 1990s with
the first network cameras in the market:
Axis launched the first network camera
ever and IQinVision produced the first
megapixel model.
 Milestone Systems launched the first
globally-offered open platform IP video
management software that supported
these network devices, in the late 1990s.
Cont…
 By 2003 there were more sophisticated computer-based DVRs
on the market that could handle multi-camera inputs (thus
eliminating the need for a multiplexer) and provide additional
functionality such as alarm handling, scheduled activation of
cameras, control of pan/tilt/zoom cameras, activity detection,
alarm notification (e.g., through a sound, an e-mail, a mobile
phone message) and remote access.
 In 2004 Axis released the first network camera with Power Over
Ethernet (POE) that significantly improved ease of hardware
installations and the flexibility to add, move or change cameras
on the network at any time.
 By 2006 more megapixel cameras were being offered in the
market, as well. As these only work in IP network installations,
their popularity for extremely clear images and powerful range
have increased demand for IP video management software.
Generation of Video Surveillance system

 There are three Generation on Video

Surveillance System to reached to recent IP
Video Surveillance System.
• 1st Generation: VCR-Based Analog System
• 2nd Generation: DVR-Based Combined System
• 3rd Generation: NVR-Based Network System
VCR-Based Analog System

BNC
BNC BNC
Video Line
(coaxial cable) Matrix

Analog Signal Quad/Multiplexer

Transmission Monitor
Analog VCR
Cameras
 DVR-Based Combined System

BNC BNC
BNC BNC
Video Line Matrix Monitor
VGA
Audio Line
Analog DVR
Cameras Storage/Control VGA
LCD
 NVR-Based Network System

NVR
Storage/Redirect
RJ4
5 RJ4 N
LAN 5 LA
LAN TV Wall VGA/
IP Camera TV Wall
LAN Server DVI
Video Line
Switch LAN
Audio Line RJ4
Analog Camera DVS Client Work Station
Encoder 5
Control/Management
Components of Video Surveillance
System

 There are five components of IP-based

video surveillance solution. These are as
follows:
 Cameras
 Video Management Software
 Servers
 Storage
 Network
Advantage of IP video Surveillance
system

 Remote accessibility
 High image quality
 Event management and intelligent video
 Easy, future proof integration
 Scalability and flexibility
 Cost effectiveness
Application Area of Video Surveillance
system

 IP based Video Surveillance System can

be used in an almost unlimited number
of applications; however, most of its
uses fall under security surveillance or
remote monitoring of people, places,
property and operations.
 The following are some typical
application possibilities in key industry
segments.
Retail
 Network video surveillance systems in
retail stores can significantly reduce
theft, improve staff security and
optimize store management.
 A major benefit of network video is that
it can be integrated with a store’s EAS
(electronic article surveillance) system or
a POS (point of sale) system to provide a
picture and a record of shrinkage-related
activities.
Transportation

 Network video surveillance system can

enhance personal safety and overall
security at airports, highways, train
stations and other transit systems, as
well as in mobile transport such as in
buses, trains and cruise ships.
 Network video can also be used to
monitor traffic conditions to reduce
congestion and improve efficiency.
Education

 From daycare centers to universities,

network video systems have helped
deter vandalism and increase the safety
of staff and students.
 In education facilities where an IT
infrastructure is already in place,
network video presents a more favorable
and cost-effective solution than an
analog system because new cabling is
often not required.
Industrial

 Network video can be used to monitor

and increase efficiencies in
manufacturing lines, processes and
logistic systems, and for securing
warehouses and stock control systems.
 Network video can also be used to set up
virtual meetings and get technical
support at a distance.
City surveillance

 Network video is one of the most useful

tools for fighting crime and protecting
citizens. It can be used to detect and
deter.
 The use of wireless networks has
enabled effective city-wide deployment
of network video.
 The remote surveillance capabilities of
network video have enabled police to
respond quickly to crimes being
committed in live view.
Government

 Network video products are used to secure all

kinds of public buildings, from museums and
offices to libraries and prisons.
 Cameras placed at building entrances and exits
can record who comes in and out, 24 hours a day.
 They are used to prevent vandalism and increase
security of staff.
 With intelligent video applications such as people
counting, network video can provide statistical
information, such as the number of visitors to a
building.
Healthcare

 Network video enables cost-effective,

high-quality patient monitoring and
video surveillance solutions that increase
the safety and security of staff, patients
and visitors, as well as property.
 Authorized hospital staff can, for
example, view live video from multiple
locations, detect activity and provide
remote assistance.
Banking and finance

 Network video is used in security

applications in bank branches,
headquarters and ATM (automated teller
machine) locations.
 Banks have been using surveillance for a
long time, and while most installations
are still analog, network video is starting
to make inroads, especially in banks that
value high image quality and want to be
able to easily identify people in a
surveillance video.