Embedded System

This document summarizes an embedded system project involving a prototype metro train controlled by an 8051 microcontroller. The project uses an 8051 microcontroller to control an LCD display, doors, buzzer and DC motors to simulate the opening and closing of doors and movement between stations. The circuit diagram and list of components are provided. The software uses Keil Vision3 and Top-View Simulator for programming and simulating the 8051 microcontroller functionality. The future scope notes this type of driverless train technology is useful for developing countries and has growing applications.

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Embedded System

Uploaded by

Sudhanshi Shakya

Available Formats

Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND PROJECT METRO TRAIN PROTOTYPE

BYSUDHANSHI SHAKYA B.TECH(4TH YEAR) ELECTRONICS AND COMM. ENGG.

CONTENTS
Introduction to Embedded System Block diagram Microcontroller 8051 Microcontroller 8051 Architecture Pin diagram Explanation of Pin diagram Addressing modes Prototype of metro train Basic objective Circuit diagram List of components used Use of ULN2003 General working Software design Future scope

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware, software, additional electrical and mechanical parts. A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility. Embedded Systems employ the use of RTOS(Real Time Operating System).

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICROCONTROLLER
A small controller. A device that integrates the microprocessor and memory and input output ports onto a single chip.

8051 MICROCONTROLLER
First microcontroller of MCS family. Introduced by Intel corporation at the end of 1970s. Features- 4 kbyte ROM,128 bytes RAM, 2 timers/counters(16 bit),a serial port, 32 I/O ports,interrupt controller.

8051 ARCHITECTURE

PIN DIAGRAM

EXPLANATION OF PINS
Reset: It resets total 8051 micro controller. RXD: It receives data in serial communication. TXD: It transmits data in serial communication. INT0: External interrupt for timer 0. INT1: External interrupt for timer1 T0: Timer0. T1: Timer1. RD: To read into external memory. WR: To write into external memory. XTAL1 & XTAL2: To connect the crystal oscillator. ALE: Address latch enable which is used to access the address locations from external memory. PSEN: Program store enable which is used for storing programming code into the external memory. EA: External Access: 64 KB of ROM is the limit for external memory.

ADDRESSING MODES
Register Addressing (MOV A, R0; ADD A, R5) Direct Addressing (MOV R0, 40H; MOV 56H, A) Register Indirect Addressing(MOV A,@R0; MOV @R1,B) Immediate Addressing (MOV A, #25H; MOV R4,#6) Indexed Addressing (MOVC A, @A+DPTR)

PROTOTYPE OF METRO TRAIN

Designed to understand the technology used in modern driver less metro train. Trains are equipped with CPU, which control the train. Train is programmed for specific path. Every station on path is defined. Stoppage timing of train and distance between two stations is predefined.

BASIC OBJECTIVE
The basic objective of this project is to include the common features of metro train such as: LCD display, Opening and closing of doors with a buzzer, Driving of dc motors with the help of interfacing all of them with AT89C51 microcontroller. A toy car is used in this project which has two DC motors. One is used for opening and closing the door and other is used for moving the car forward.

CIRCIT DIAGRAM

LIST OF COMPONENTS USED

USE OF ULN2003
Microcontroller pins lack sufficient current to drive the relay. They can provide a maximum of 1-2mA current. While the stepper motors coil needs around 10mA to be energized. For this reason, we place a driver so that stepper motor can work efficiently.

GENERAL WORKING
When the power is turned on lcd display is switched on and a message (welcome to metro) is displayed on LCD. Then a message Current station is Kishan Ganj is displayed and door is opened also. A buzzer is also turned on when door opens. After some delay the door is closed and car is started to move forward. A message current station is Kishan Ganj is displayed also on LCD. After some delay a message next station is Pratap nagar is displayed. After some time the train stops and a message current station is Pratap nagar is displayed. This process is continued for five stations. In the end a message End of line is displayed on LCD This whole process is repeated until we turned off the power supply.

SOFTWARE DESIGN
Softwares used: Keil Vision3. Vision3 provides full integration of the C51 compiler and debugger. Vision3 offers both: a simulator that seamless simulates the complete peripherals of countless 8051 derivatives, and a target debugger that allows software testing in real hardware with a target monitor or emulator. Top-View Simulator. Top-view Simulator gives an excellent simulation environment for the Industrys most popular 8 bit microcontroller family, MCS 51. The features of the simulator are briefly tabulated here. Device Selection Simulation Facilities Program Editing Code Generation Facilities Clear View GUI Environment Program Execution

FUTURE SCOPE
This Project is useful in developing countries & this project has a bright future as it is being used in countries like Germany, France & Japan. This project helps us to control train without a driver and the stations are shown on the LCD so the passenger doesnt have any type of difficulty. This project will lead to increase in technological trends & this will help the people in many ways.

THANK YOU