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Classification_of_Disasters

The document provides an overview of disasters, classifying them into natural and human-made categories, detailing types such as geological, hydrological, technological, and societal disasters. It also outlines the Disaster Management Cycle, which consists of four stages: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, aimed at minimizing disaster impacts and facilitating recovery. Understanding these classifications and the management cycle is essential for fostering resilience and sustainable development.

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gauravkumar102023
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7 views

Classification_of_Disasters

The document provides an overview of disasters, classifying them into natural and human-made categories, detailing types such as geological, hydrological, technological, and societal disasters. It also outlines the Disaster Management Cycle, which consists of four stages: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, aimed at minimizing disaster impacts and facilitating recovery. Understanding these classifications and the management cycle is essential for fostering resilience and sustainable development.

Uploaded by

gauravkumar102023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF

DISASTERS &
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CYCLE

BY GAURAV KUMAR

ROLL NO- 2218122


INTRODUCTION TO DISASTERS

• A disaster is a sudden, unexpected event that causes


widespread damage, loss, or destruction. Disasters
can be caused by natural, man-made, or technological
hazards. They can also be caused by factors that
make a community more vulnerable.
• Disasters are severe disruptions causing human,
material, economic, or environmental losses.
• Understanding disasters helps in reducing their
impact and managing recovery effectively.
CLASSIFICATION OF
DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTERS

Classification of Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are categorized based on their origin. Here’s an overview of the major types:

1. Geological Disasters- These result from processes occurring beneath or on the Earth's
surface.

Examples:- Earthquakes (caused by tectonic movements or faults), Volcanic Eruptions (release


of magma and gases), Landslides (mass movement of rock or soil), Tsunamis (ocean waves
triggered by underwater earthquakes or landslides)

2. Hydrological Disasters- These are related to the movement, distribution, and quality of
water on Earth.

Examples:- Floods (overflow of water onto normally dry land), Tsunamis (also classified as
geological-hydrological), Flash Floods (sudden, intense flooding due to heavy rainfall or dam
collapse)

3. Meteorological Disasters- Caused by extreme weather and climate conditions.

Examples:- Cyclones (intense wind systems in tropical regions), Hurricanes and Typhoons
(regional names for cyclones), Tornadoes (rotating columns of air extending from
4. Climatological Disasters- Result from prolonged shifts in climate patterns.

Examples:- Heatwaves (extended periods of excessive heat), Cold Waves (prolonged periods of
low temperatures), Wildfires (uncontrolled fires in vegetation caused by prolonged dry
conditions)

5. Biological Disasters- Triggered by living organisms, such as diseases or invasive species.

Examples: Epidemics (e.g., Cholera, Malaria), Pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, Influenza), Invasive
Species (e.g., locust swarms damaging crops)
HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS

Human-Made Disasters- Human-made disasters, also called anthropogenic


disasters, occur due to human actions or negligence. These disasters can cause
significant harm to people, infrastructure, and the environment. They are broadly
categorized into technological, environmental, and societal disasters. Here's an
overview:

1. Technological Disasters- These arise from failures in industrial or technological


systems.
Examples:- Industrial Accidents: Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984) – Gas leak in India
caused thousands of deaths., Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster (1986) – Nuclear reactor
meltdown in Ukraine.
Transport Accidents: Train derailments, aviation crashes, or oil spills (e.g., Deepwater
Horizon in 2010).
Nuclear Disasters: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster (2011) – Tsunami-induced
reactor failure.

2. Environmental Disasters- Result from human activities that degrade or disrupt


the environment.
Examples: Deforestation: Loss of forests leads to biodiversity loss and climate
change.
3. Societal Disasters- Involve human conflicts, social unrest, or failures
in societal systems.
Examples: Terrorism: 9/11 Attacks (2001) – Destruction of the World Trade
Center, Mumbai Attacks (2008)., Riots and Civil Unrest:- 2020 George Floyd
protests in the USA.
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
• The Disaster Management Cycle consists of
four stages:
• 1. Mitigation
• 2. Preparedness
• 3. Response
• 4. Recovery
The Disaster Management Cycle is a continuous process designed to
minimize the impact of disasters and ensure effective recovery. It
consists of four key phases:

1. Mitigation
Purpose: To reduce the risk and impact of future disasters.
Examples: Building earthquake-resistant structures, flood barriers,
enforcing safety regulations.
2. Preparedness
Purpose: To equip individuals and communities to handle disasters.
Examples: Emergency drills, creating evacuation plans, stockpiling
essential supplies.
3. Response
Purpose: To provide immediate assistance and reduce disaster impact
during and right after the event.
Examples: Rescue operations, medical aid, distributing food and water.
4. Recovery
Purpose: To restore normalcy and rebuild affected areas.
Examples: Rebuilding infrastructure, providing psychological support,
economic rehabilitation.
CONCLUSION

• - Disasters can be natural or human-made,


each with unique impacts.
• - The Disaster Management Cycle helps in
reducing risks and ensuring effective response
and recovery.
• - Understanding these aspects fosters resilience
and sustainable development.

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