Scribd
Upload
6 views

Expressing Conditions and Wishes

The document explains the structure and types of conditional sentences, which consist of two clauses: an 'if' clause and a main clause. It details four types of conditions based on verb tenses, illustrating how they express general truths, possible actions, hypothetical situations, and impossible past actions. Additionally, it discusses the use of 'unless' as an alternative to 'if' and introduces the expressions 'I wish' and 'If only' to convey desires and regrets.

Uploaded by

beecada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Expressing Conditions and Wishes

The document explains the structure and types of conditional sentences, which consist of two clauses: an 'if' clause and a main clause. It details four types of conditions based on verb tenses, illustrating how they express general truths, possible actions, hypothetical situations, and impossible past actions. Additionally, it discusses the use of 'unless' as an alternative to 'if' and introduces the expressions 'I wish' and 'If only' to convey desires and regrets.

Uploaded by

beecada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

EXPRESSING CONDITIONS

• A clause has subject and verb. A sentence has


also a subject and a verb, but a sentence can
be made of 2 or more clauses.
• A Conditional sentence is divided into 2
clauses.
• 2 clauses = 1 sentence

• If you go there, I will punish you. = 1 sentence

Clause 1 Clause 2
• You can express 4 different meanings with
conditions.
• The meanings are expressed depending on the
verbal tense you use.
Type zero

If clause Main clause


Present simple Present simple

You are expressing a general truth.


Something that is always true

If you put water in fire, it boils


Type one

If clause Main clause


Present simple will

You are expressing that if the condition with


“if” is true, the action in the main clause will
happen (or not)
If Alba studies hard, she will finish university this year
If you work as a DJ, you will not hear properly soon.
Type two
If clause Main clause
Past simple would

You are expressing that if the condition


with “if” was true, the action in the main
clause would possibly happen (or not)
If I told you I saw a UFO, you wouldn’t believe me
If I had the opportunity to travel to Mars, I would do it
Type three
If clause Main clause
Past perfect Would + present perfect

You are expressing that action of the main


clause is impossible to be true, because
the action in the “if” clause did not
happen.
I would have enjoyed the film if it had not been so far-
fetched. >>> But it is impossible that I enjoy the film
now
If you hadn’t opened suspicious emails, you wouldn’t
have had a virus now >>> but now you have a virus
and it is impossible to change that now.
• Be careful. People do not always use “if”

• They can use “unless”. It means “if … not”


If negative

• You will be sick if you don't stop eating.


Unless affirmative

• You'll be sick unless you stop eating


• I won't pay if you don't provide the goods immediately.
• I won't pay unless you provide the goods immediately.

• Rebecca doesn't want to see you unless you're in London.


• Rebecca doesn't want to see if you are not in London.

• His body will not survive unless we find his soul.


• His body will not survive if we don’t find his soul.

Unless = If … not
Other linkers apart from “if”
• He was very nervous in the interview and he did not get the
job
He would have got the job if he hadn't been so nervous in the
interview.

• We didn’t carry on skiing because it was snowing heavily


If it hadn't been snowing heavily, we'd have carried on skiing.

• There was a recession and the company didn’t survive.


The company would have survived if there hadn't been a
recession.
• I can’t buy a big house because I don’t win the lottery
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win
the lottery)

• I don’t say “hello” to the Queen because I can’t meet her.


If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

• She doesn’t travel all over the world because she is not rich.
She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
Suponte que…
A menos que (if … not)
(pero) siempre que, a no ser que
De otro modo, ….
Suponte que…
A menos que (if … not)
Siempre que, a no ser que
De otro modo, ….
Suponte que…
A menos que (if … not)
Siempre que, a no ser que
De otro modo, ….
Suponte que…
A menos que (if … not)
Siempre que, a no ser que
De otro modo; porque si no,…
you my suitcase so long as

better lock up his bike, otherwise

weather will be nice but suppose

on (the) condition that he agrees

won’t make their flight unless


Expressing the idea of “ojalá”
• In Spanish, you can express “ojalá” something
happens now, in the present
• And “ojalá” something had happened in the
past, but it did not happen.

• In English, you express this idea with 2


formulas:
– I wish…
– If only…
• Look:
• Ojalá viniese mi madre (now)
• I wish my mother came (express the verb in past
simple)
• = If only my mother came

• Ojalá se rompa su coche nuevo


• I wish his new car broke
• = If only his new car broke
• Now you regret something in the past
• Ojalá hubiese aprobado
• I wish I had passed the test

• Ojalá me hubiesen traído el libro


• I wish they had brought me the book
I wish I knew which way to go

If only I hadn’t left my phone at home this morning

If only I understood what he’s saying

I wish I could have made it to the event


I would sooner pay now…
missed the train if we had

he were a member, he would

to help us as/so long as we

wishes she had paid more attention

You might also like