Anatomy & Physiology Of Male

and Female Reproductive

System
 Question ?

Have you noticed that

there some physical
changes in your body ?
 Learning Objectives
Describe the human reproductive
system.
Discuss sexual development in
humans.
Enumerate the organs of male and
female reproductive system and
describe their function.
Introduction
 Reproductive System

The reproductive systems in

both the male and female
consist of primary and
secondary sex organs and
.sex glands
 Reproductive System

The primary function of the

: reproductive systems is to
perpetuate the species
through sexual or germ cell
fertilization and
.reproduction
 Male Reproductive System
There are a number of functions that are
associated with the male reproductive
:system
to produce, maintain and transport the •
sperm (the male reproductive cells) and the
;fluid semen
;to eject sperm from the penis •
to manufacture and secrete the male sex •
.hormones
External Parts and Structures
Scrotum
 it is external sac of skin or pouch
of skin suspended from the
perineal area and divided into two
sacs… each containing one testicle
and epididymis.
External Parts and Structures
Penis
 The urethra runs the length of the
penis from the bladder to the meatus
(me Ā tus). The flaccid penis fills with
blood during arousal, causing an
erection and allowing for the function
of copulation/intercourse.
External Parts and Structures
Circumcision
 is the removal of prepuce on the
penis. This foreskin may be
circumcised/ removed for hygiene or
religious reasons. It covers the
glans/head that is filled with nerve
endings.
 Accessory Ducts
Testes
 These are also known as sex glands.
 They are responsible for making sperms
and secrete testosterone which is the
primary sex hormone.
 Seminiferous tubules which is responsible
for producing sperm cells.
 Accessory Ducts
Epididymis
 The mature sperm are
stored in the
epididymis, a tube 13-
20 feet in length,
coiled and lying on
the side of each
testicle.
 Accessory Ducts
Vas Deferens
 aremuscular tubes transporting
sperm from the epididymis to the
seminal vesicles.
Ejaculatory Duct
 It
is formed by merger of the vas
deference and the seminal deference .
 Accessory Ducts
Urethra
 Itis a thin walled tube that extends
from the urinary bladder to the end of
the penis.
 The major function is to carry urine
from the bladder and to carry semen
that has the sperms during the
ejaculation.
 Accessory Glands
Seminal Vesicles
The seminal vesicles produce a slightly
alkaline fluid that mixes with the sperm
and becomes part of the semen
ejaculated during the male orgasm. It
protects the sperm from the acidity or
.the pH of the urethra
 Accessory Glands
Prostate Gland
The prostate gland also secretes an
alkaline fluid that mixes with the sperm
as part of the semen. Enlargement of the
prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia,
obstructs the flow of urine through the
.urethra
 Accessory Glands
Cowper’s or bulbourethral
glands
Itis located below the prostate
gland which produce another
mucous- alkaline secretion in the
urethra, excreted from the glands
just before ejaculation.
 Spermatogenesis
Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous
tubules of the testes and is called
spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is a complex activity, it has
been estimated that it can take approximately
.65–75 days to occur
Female Reproductive System
The primary function of the
female reproductive systems is
: to
Producing egg , secrete female
sex hormone and to prepare the
body for nourishing a
.developing embryo
Internal Female Structures
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
 Fallopian tubes
The two tubes extended from the
corner of the uterus to the ovary.
It runs in the upper free border of
the broad ligament.
Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
Function of the fallopian tubes

 Allows for sperm passage from the vagina

through the uterus and up near the ovary
 Serves as locus for fertilization of the egg by
the sperms in the tubal part called ampulla
 Transport the fertilized or unfertilized egg
down to the uterus
 Ovaries
Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
Ovary is located on each side of the
uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes
 Each ovary is 
filled, already at
birth, with egg-
containing sacs
called follicles.
Each egg is
.called an ovum
 Function of the ovary

Secrete estrogen & progesterone.

Production of ova during the
follicular phase of the menstrual
cycles
 Uterus
The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped
muscular organ.
The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5
X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60
gm.
 Function of the uterus

Acceptsthe fertilized egg implantations

Nourishes the embryo until the placenta
grows and assumes this function
Houses the developing fetus
Contracts to aid the baby’s passage
through the birth canal
 Cervix
The lowermost
position of the
uterus “neck”.
The length of the
cervix is about 2.5
t0 3 cm.
 Function of the cervix
Produces cervical mucus to aid sperm
transport up the female reproductive
tract
Give passages to the sperm into uterus
after ejaculation
Dilates during childbirth to allow baby’s
passage from the uterus to vagina
THE BREAST

The breasts are dome‐shaped

protrusions that differ in size
between individuals; they are
also sometimes called the
mammary glands. They are
external accessory sexual
organs in the female. There are
several milk‐producing glands
located within the breast. A
hormone called prolactin
.controls the production of milk
 The Endocrine
System: Glands and
Their Hormones
The Female Reproductive
System and The Menstrual
Cycle
Menstrual cycle

The onset of the

menstrual cycle, or
menarche, begins at
puberty and ceases at
.menopause
Menstrual cycle
:The cycle has 3 phases
A. FOLLICULAR PHASE is
characterized by menstruation, when
the thickened lining of the
endometrium is shed because no egg
.was fertilized or implanted
Menstrual cycle
:The cycle has 3 phases
B. OVULATORY PHASE
Estrogen is the hormone produced by
the ovaries, which stimulates the
maturation of a follicle and thickens
.the endometrium
Menstrual cycle
:The cycle has 3 phases
C. LUTEAL PHASE
follows ovulation, and is characterized by
the development of the corpus luteum, the
secretion of progesterone, the preparation
of the endometrium for implantation of a
fertilized egg, and the formation of a thick
mucous to block the cervix once the egg
.passes out of the fallopian tube
! THANK YOU