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Lesson 6-Earth’s Water Resources

The document discusses Earth's water resources, highlighting that 71% of the surface is covered by water, with 97% being saltwater and only a small fraction being freshwater. It also addresses the impact of human activities on water quality and availability, including pollution, overuse, and mismanagement, which threaten vital water sources. Additionally, it outlines the water cycle's importance in sustaining life and the ecological roles of various water bodies.

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Sir Miguel Malvar
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10 views

Lesson 6-Earth’s Water Resources

The document discusses Earth's water resources, highlighting that 71% of the surface is covered by water, with 97% being saltwater and only a small fraction being freshwater. It also addresses the impact of human activities on water quality and availability, including pollution, overuse, and mismanagement, which threaten vital water sources. Additionally, it outlines the water cycle's importance in sustaining life and the ecological roles of various water bodies.

Uploaded by

Sir Miguel Malvar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARTH’S WATER

RESOURCES, AND THE


EFFECTS OF HUMAN
ACTIVITIES ON WATER
QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

LESSON 6
Earth's surface is
covered by
71% WATER
97% 2% 1%
Salt Water Fresh Water Fresh Water
in glaciers
and ice caps
This massive quantity of
water is hard to visualize:
the total water resources of
the earth equal roughly
326 million cubic miles,
with each cubic mile equal
to around 1 trillion gallons
of water.
To imagine just one
trillion gallons of water,
try to picture 40 million
swimming pools, or 24
billion baths. Now,
multiply those numbers
by 326 million!
Saltwater – 97%
Majority of water on Earth is salty! Chloride
and sodium are the most abundant ions
found in salt water. Other ions or elements,
particularly in the oceans, include
magnesium, sulfur,
calcium, potassium, and much more. These
ions form salts, giving
oceans, seas, and some lakes their salty or
saline characteristic.
Saltwater – 97%
Organisms in saltwater habitats have
special adaptations to survive. While
marine life thrives in salty water,
humans can't drink seawater directly -
it makes us sick. Though expensive and
energy-intensive, desalination can
convert seawater into drinkable
freshwater, helping supply water to
very dry regions.
Ice – 2.06%
Ice forms differently in saltwater versus
freshwater due to salt lowering the freezing
point and affecting water density. Most of
Earth's ice exists in Antarctica (90%),
appearing as ice caps, glaciers, and
permafrost. Though seemingly static, ice
formations move slowly over time. Ice layers
preserve ancient climate data, allowing
scientists to study Earth's climate history by
analyzing ice core samples.
Groundwater – 0.9%
Nearly anywhere you can
stand on the Earth’s surface,
there is water in the ground
underneath your feet. Water
from rain trickles downward
through the soil until it
reaches material that is
already saturated with water.
Groundwater – 0.9%
Groundwater varies in age from days
to millennia, depending on depth and
soil filtration speed. It collects in
aquifers, like Australia's massive
Great Artesian Basin which covers
23% of the continent. Though vital for
human needs like drinking and
farming, groundwater faces threats
from overuse, pollution, and rising
sea levels.
Lakes – 0.008%
Lakes are just one type of
surface-water – water that is
easily accessible and visible on
the surface of the Earth. Lakes
form where water runoff from
rain and snow accumulates.
Lakes – 0.008%
Lakes form naturally from groundwater seepage
and vary in size and salinity. Lake Baikal in Siberia
stands out as Earth's oldest and deepest lake,
reaching depths over 1,500 meters. Lakes,
especially freshwater ones, serve vital roles for
recreation and water supply, with reservoirs
providing tap water to many communities.
Lawa ng Taal, formerly known as Bombón Lake, is a fresh
water caldera lake in the province of Batangas, on the
island of Luzon in the Philippines.
Wetlands – 0.001%
Wetlands occur in areas where water
covers the soil for varying periods of time.
This phenomenon can occur along
coastlines where tides move water back
andforth over the land, and in areas that
are prone to flooding such as low lying
areas around lakes and rivers.
Wetlands – 0.001%
Wetlands (including deltas, estuaries, marshes,
swamps, and bayous) are diverse ecosystems
where land and aquatic life coexist. These areas
serve crucial functions like fish nurseries, bird
migration stops, and storm protection. Despite
their ecological importance, over 50% of
wetlands have been lost to human
development.
Wetlands – 0.001%

BIRD SANCTUARY The 405-hectare Bangkung Malapad islet at


Sasmuan Pampanga Coastal Wetland in Pampanga province is a
sanctuary for migratory birds.
Rivers – 0.0002%
Rivers form where water
flows downhill, due to
gravity, making a journey
from the tops of mountains
to the sea. Many different
plant and animal species
can be found along rivers.
Rivers – 0.0002%
Although, rivers make up a small proportion
of Earth’s water resources they have and
continue to be an important resource
for humans, serving as transit systems for
exploration and transport of goods, power
generation, recreation, and a source
of freshwater.
Rivers – 0.0002%
Mt. Arayat, Pampanga, Philippines.
Overlooking Pampanga river.
Rivers – 0.0002%

Maps of the Philippines' Mighty River


STATES OF WATER

ICE WATER VAPOR


Solid Liquid Gas
THE FOUR MAJOR STEPS
1. 2. 3. 4.

Condensation Precipitation Collection Evaporation


Precipitation occurs when
water falls back to earth. This
CONDENSATION can happen in the form of
rain, hail, sleet and snow.

Condensation occurs when


water changes from a gas
back into a liquid. The liquid
collects in the clouds.
PRECIPITATION
Evaporation occurs when
COLLECTION water is heated by the sun,
changing it from a liquid to a
gas that is known as water
vapor.

Collection occurs when the


precipitation collects in oceans,
lakes, rivers and streams. it
often soaks into the ground and
is stored as ground water.
EVAPORATION
Condensation

Precipitation Evaporation

Collection
WHY DOES IT
MATTER?
The water cycle is important
because it moves nutrients
around and provides plants,
animals and humans with
water.
Human Activities
that Affect the Water
Quality and
Availability
“Enough amount of water may
turn-on the bulb of life, but if
it spills out or Ooze - out it may
result to short circuit, bust the
bulb of life”
“Those who are near the water
source have sufficient water
supply. While those away from the
source have inadequate or
no water anymore.”
Some of the other causes of water unavailability are as
follows:

• Long time drought


• Wasteful / excessive use
• Mismanagement of water
source
• Pollution
WATER QUALITY
When talking about
water quality, we
directly think of water
pollution, where these
are technically not
synonymous.
WATER QUALITY
Pollution is a change in air, water, or even land
that might cause harm to the living things. Usually
when we hear water pollution,
we picture out floating water bottles and plastics
which is also indeed a form of water pollution but
still manageable compared to those chemicals
combining with the water already.
WATER QUALITY
Water quality would basically refer to
the safeness of water we
consume or use for talking a bath or
washing. It may also imply the
safeness of aquatic organisms.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES CAUSING TO DEGRADE
WATER QUALITY
Acid Rain - Rain water for instance is
becoming more acidic nowadays. Acid
rain is the condition in which rain
becomes acidic because of too much
acid in the atmosphere
accumulating in it.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES CAUSING TO DEGRADE
WATER QUALITY
Chemicals – Most chemicals come from big
factories but it may also come from us in our daily
activities such using of
detergents from washed clothes, bleaches and
fertilizers. This will to the formation of too much
algae. When algae die they are
decomposed by bacteria, which require much
oxygen. With lesser oxygen, aquatic creatures may
die.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES CAUSING TO DEGRADE
WATER QUALITY
Sediments - Erosion and runoff from the agriculture
and construction deposit trillion of kilograms of
sediments in United
States water each year. These sediments fill in
water-ways, harbors, and reservoirs. They keep
sunlight from reaching underwater plants and
decrease plant growth. Fishes that
depend on these plants die.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES CAUSING TO DEGRADE
WATER QUALITY
Disease-causing organisms – Sewage contains
viruses and germs that cause disease in
human and animals. If the sewage is not
properly treated, disease can spread. The
wastes from farm animals, meat packing
plants and leather-making industries also
release harmful organisms in the streams.
FIN

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