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CB-7-Measurement of Time and Motion

The document discusses the importance of measuring time for organizing activities and understanding motion. It explains how time is measured using devices like clocks and pendulums, and introduces concepts such as periodic motion, speed calculation, and distance-time graphs. Additionally, it highlights the applications of speed and motion in fields like transportation and space exploration.

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srinu.gunda88
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2 views

CB-7-Measurement of Time and Motion

The document discusses the importance of measuring time for organizing activities and understanding motion. It explains how time is measured using devices like clocks and pendulums, and introduces concepts such as periodic motion, speed calculation, and distance-time graphs. Additionally, it highlights the applications of speed and motion in fields like transportation and space exploration.

Uploaded by

srinu.gunda88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEA S U R E M E N T O F

TI M E A N D M O T I O N
BS E G RADE 7 S C IENCE
C
THE NEED FOR MEASURING
TIME
• Time is an essential component of
everyday life. We need to measure time
to organize our activities, to travel, and
to coordinate various tasks effectively.
Understanding time allows us to
measure speed, distance, and motion.
HOW WE MEASURE TIME
Time is typically measured using
devices such as clocks and
stopwatches. Early humans
observed natural cycles like day and
night, or the phases of the moon to
measure time. Today, we use highly
accurate devices like atomic clocks.
WHAT IS PERIODIC MOTION?

Periodic motion refers to motion that


repeats itself after regular intervals of
time. Examples include the motion of a
pendulum, the revolution of the Earth
around the Sun, and the ticking of a
clock.
MEASURING TIME USING A SIMPLE
PENDULUM
A simple pendulum is an example
of periodic motion. The time taken
for one complete oscillation (back
and forth motion) is called the
time period.
This time period is constant,
making a pendulum an excellent
tool for measuring time.
TIME PERIOD OF A SIMPLE
PENDULUM
A setup that contains a small mass suspended
from a fixed point and allowed to swing freely
under the influence of gravity is called
“pendulum”

The to and fro motion of an object is called an


“oscillation”

The time taken to complete one oscillation is


called “time period”
SLOW AND FAST MOTION

The speed of an object determines whether it is in slow or fast


motion. A slow-moving object covers less distance in a given
time, while a fast-moving object covers more distance. We often
compare the motion of two objects by observing their relative
speeds.
CALCULATION OF SPEED

The unit of
It is calculated
Speed is a speed is meters
using the
measure of how per second
formula: Speed
fast an object (m/s) or
= Distance ÷
moves. kilometers per
Time.
hour (km/h).
EXAMPLE OF SPEED
CALCULATION

If a car travels 60 kilometers in 2 hours, the


speed of the car can be calculated as: Speed =
60 km ÷ 2 hours = 30 km/h.
DIFFERENT UNITS OF SPEED
Speed is measured
in different units
depending on the • Kilometers per
situation. Some hour (km/h) for
common units are: longer distances.

• Meters per second • Miles per hour


(m/s) for smaller (mph) in some
distances. countries.
CONVERTING UNITS OF
SPEED
To convert
speed between For example, to
To convert m/s
different units, convert km/h to
to km/h, we
we use m/s, we divide
multiply by 3.6.
conversion by 3.6.
factors.
DISTANCE-TIME GRAPHS
• A DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH
REPRESENTS THE MOTION OF
AN OBJECT OVER TIME. THE X-
AXIS REPRESENTS TIME, AND
THE Y-AXIS REPRESENTS
DISTANCE.

• A STRAIGHT LINE INDICATES


UNIFORM MOTION, WHILE A
CURVED LINE INDICATES NON-
UNIFORM MOTION.
UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM
MOTION
• Uniform motion: When an object
covers equal distances in equal
intervals of time.
• Non-uniform motion: When an object
covers unequal distances in equal
intervals of time.
EXAMPLE: NON-UNIFORM
MOTION
• AN OBJECT COVERING
UNEQUAL DISTANCES IN
EQUAL TIME INTERVALS
PRODUCES A CURVED
DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH. THIS
REPRESENTS NON-UNIFORM
MOTION.
RECAP: TIME AND MOTION

• Time is measured using clocks and devices like the


simple pendulum.
• Speed is calculated using the formula: Speed = Distance
÷ Time.
• Distance-time graphs help in understanding motion.
APPLICATIONS OF SPEED
AND MOTION
Understanding speed and motion is crucial in
various fields, such as transportation, sports, and
space exploration.

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