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Lesson 5 Imfa Part 1

The document explains the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces, highlighting that intermolecular forces are responsible for the physical properties of substances and their states at room temperature. It details four types of intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds, with a focus on dipole-dipole forces and their characteristics. Additionally, it discusses the contributions of Johannes van der Waals to the understanding of these forces.

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11 views

Lesson 5 Imfa Part 1

The document explains the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces, highlighting that intermolecular forces are responsible for the physical properties of substances and their states at room temperature. It details four types of intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds, with a focus on dipole-dipole forces and their characteristics. Additionally, it discusses the contributions of Johannes van der Waals to the understanding of these forces.

Uploaded by

x8wxfncwsn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERMOLECULAR

FORCES OF ATTRACTION
Molecular bonds
• Intramolecular force is the type of force at
work WITHIN the two elements combined,
while;
• Intermolecular force is the type of force at
work OUTSIDE the two elements joining
them with the other group of combined
elements.
Intermolecular forces
Inter-ionic forces
Intermolecular forces
These intermolecular
forces are accountable for
the properties of
substances. Moreover,
intermolecular forces also
explain why substances
exist as solids, liquids, or
gases at room
temperature.
Intermolecular and Inter-ionic forces of Attraction
Strength of Intermolecular forces
4 Types of Intermolecular forces (involving covalent molecules)

1.Dipole-dipole
2.Ion-dipole
3.Dispersion forces
4.Hydrogen bond
The first three types are known as “Van der
Waals forces”. On the other hand, hydrogen
bond is a special type of dipole-dipole
interaction.
Johannes Diderick van Der Waals
• was born on November 23, 1837
in Leyden, The Netherlands
• In his 1873 thesis, van der Waals
noted the non-ideality of real
gases and attributed it to the
existence of intermolecular
interactions.
3 General Types of IMFA
•1. van der Waals forces
•2. Ion-dipole interaction
•3. Hydrogen bonding
1. van der Waals forces
• Johannes van der Waals
•A. dipole-dipole interaction
•B. dipole-induced dipole
interaction
•C. London dispersion forces
a. Dipole-dipole forces
•attractive forces between polar molecules
•result of the electrical interactions among
dipoles on neighboring molecules
•moderately strong type of IMFA
Dipole-dipole forces
Dipole-dipole forces
are attractive forces
existing between polar
molecules (molecules
that exhibit dipole
moment), such as HCl.
Dipole-dipole forces
Dipole-dipole forces
•The more electronegative atom
becomes partially negative and has
most electron density, whereas the
least electronegative becomes
partially positive and has a lesser
electron density.
Dipole-dipole forces
Because poles of opposite
charges attract, the partial
negative end (i.e., Cl atom) will
be attracted to the partial
positive end (i.e., H atom) of
another HCl molecule. This force
is weaker than ionic and
hydrogen bonds.
Sum Up!
• All polar molecules have a partial negative
end and partial positive end which are
attracted to each other.
• The resulting forces are called dipole-
dipole forces. Dipole-dipole forces are
much weaker than ionic or covalent bond.
Dipole-dipole forces
•In assessing, compare their
POLARITIES
•A more POLAR substance will have
STRONGER DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
compared to a less polar one
b. Dipole-induced dipole interaction
•occurs between a polar molecule (a
molecule that has permanent dipole
moment) and a nonpolar molecule (a
molecule that does not have a permanent
dipole moment)
•weaker than dipole-dipole
Dipole-induced dipole interaction
Dipole-induced dipole interaction
•a weak attraction that results when a polar
molecule induces a dipole in an atom or in
a nonpolar molecule by disturbing the
arrangement of electrons in the nonpolar
species.
Dipole-induced dipole interaction
•In assessing, compare the strength of
the permanent dipole moment of the
polar molecule and the polarizability
(ability to induced into a dipole) of
the nonpolar molecule

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