Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy Nepal

College of Engineering

Department of architecture , Urlabari -3, Morang

Submitted by:
Isha pokhrel
Menuka Panthi A project on: “Introduction to architecture"
Nikita Rijal Submitted to:
Niruta Gartaula Asst. Prof. Ar. Bhumika Shrestha
Sagar Tilak
FALLING WATER
"Fallingwater" is one of the most famous architectural works designed by
Frank Lloyd Wright, completed in 1937. It is located in rural Pennsylvania
and is known for its unique design and integration with the natural landscape.
Here’s a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of Fallingwater:

1. Design Philosophy: Fallingwater exemplifies Wright's philosophy of

"organic architecture," which emphasizes
harmony between human habitation and the natural world. He believed that buildings should be integrated into their
surroundings rather than dominating them.

2.Location: The house is built over a waterfall on Bear Run, which is part of the larger landscape of the Allegheny Mountains.
The sound and sight of the water are integral to the experience of the home.

3.Materials: Wright used local materials, including sandstone from the site, to create a sense of unity with the environment.
The use of natural materials helps the structure blend seamlessly into the landscape.

4.Structure: The design features cantilevered terraces that extend out over the waterfall, creating a dramatic visual effect.
The horizontal lines of the house contrast with the verticality of the trees, enhancing the connection to nature.

5.Interior Spaces: The interior of Fallingwater is equally innovative, featuring open floor plans and large windows that allow
natural light to flood the spaces. The use of built-in furniture and custom-designed elements reflects Wright's attention to detail
and desire for a cohesive aesthetic.
7. Preservation: Fallingwater is now a National Historic Landmark and is preserved as a museum. It
attracts thousands of visitors each year who come to appreciate its architectural significance and
natural beauty.

In summary, Fallingwater is a masterful example of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision of blending architecture
with nature. Its innovative design and enduring legacy make it a crucial study in the field of
architecture.
Unity Temple, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is a significant work of architecture
completed in 1908 in Oak Park, Illinois. Here’s a detailed overview of its key
aspects:

1.Design Philosophy: Unity Temple is a prime example of Wright's concept of organic

architecture, which focuses on harmony between the building and its environment.
The design reflects a spiritual and communal space that promotes unity among its
congregation.

2.Architectural Style: The temple is considered one of the first examples of modern
architecture.
It features a unique combination of geometric forms and a flat-roofed structure, moving away from
traditional church designs of the time.

3.Materials: Wright used reinforced concrete for the construction, which was innovative for that
period. The use of concrete allowed for the creation of bold forms and was a departure from the
more common materials like brick and stone.

4.Interior Spaces: The interior of Unity Temple is notable for its open floor plan and the use of natural
light. Large clerestory windows allow daylight to penetrate deep into the space, creating a serene and
contemplative atmosphere.

5.Symbolism: The design includes symbolic elements that reflect the Unitarian Universalist
principles of the congregation it serves. The building's layout and features are intended to foster a
7. Preservation: The temple underwent restoration efforts to preserve its original design and
materials. It remains an active place of worship and a site for architectural tours.

In summary, Unity Temple is a landmark in modern architecture, showcasing Frank Lloyd Wright's
innovative approach to design and his commitment to creating spaces that enhance spiritual and
community experiences.
Villa Savoye, designed by the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, is a
seminal work of modernist architecture completed in 1931. Located in
Poissy, France, it embodies the principles of the International Style and is a
key example of Le Corbusier's architectural philosophy. Here’s a
comprehensive overview:

1.Design Philosophy: Villa Savoye is a manifestation of Le Corbusier's

"Five Points of Architecture," which include pilots (supports), a flat roof
terrace, an open floor plan,
horizontal windows, and a free facade design. These principles reflect a modern approach to
living spaces and emphasize functionality and simplicity.

2.Architectural Features: The villa is raised on pilots, allowing for an open space beneath the building
and creating a sense of lightness. The flat roof serves as a terrace, providing outdoor space for leisure.
The open floor plan allows for flexible use of interior spaces, while the horizontal windows enhance
natural light and views of the surrounding landscape.

3.Materials and Construction: Constructed primarily of reinforced concrete, Villa Savoye reflects
the industrial materials of the time. The use of concrete allows for the smooth, clean lines
characteristic of modernist architecture. The villa's white exterior emphasizes its geometric forms
and integration with nature.

4.Interior Design: The interior of Villa Savoye is designed to be functional and minimalist. It features
built-in furniture, which was a novel concept at the time, and an emphasis on open spaces that
 6.Cultural Impact: Villa Savoye has had a profound influence on modern architecture and is often
studied as a key example of the International Style. It has inspired countless architects and remains a
subject of interest in architectural education.

7.Preservation: Despite facing challenges over the years, Villa Savoye has been preserved and
restored. It was classified as a historical monument in 1964 and is open to the public for tours,
allowing visitors to experience its architectural significance firsthand.

In summary, Villa Savoye stands as a landmark in the history of modern architecture, showcasing
Le Corbusier's innovative ideas and his vision for a new way of living that harmonizes with the
environment. Its design principles continue to influence architects and designers around the world.
The "Marseille Block," officially known as the Unité d'Habitation de Marseille, is a
significant​architectural project designed by Le Corbusier and completed in 1952. This
building is a ​pioneering example of modernist residential design and reflects Le Corbusier’s
vision of ​urban living. Here’s a detailed overview:​
​
1. Design Concept: The Marseille Block was conceived as a self-contained community, ​
providing housing, amenities, and communal spaces for its residents. Le Corbusier aimed ​
to create a model for urban living that combined individual privacy with communal interaction. The design emphasizes
the idea of "living in a machine," where functionality and efficiency are paramount.​
​
2. Architectural Features: The building is characterized by its brutalist concrete structure, featuring a series of modular
apartments arranged in a staggered layout. The facade is marked by colorful panels and a distinctive roof terrace that
serves as a communal space. The use of pilotis elevates the building, creating a sense of lightness and allowing for
landscaped areas beneath.​
​
3. Interior Layout: Each apartment is designed to maximize space and light, with open floor plans and large windows.
The units are equipped with built-in furniture and modular components, promoting a flexible living environment. The
Marseille Block also includes communal facilities such as a rooftop garden, shops, and recreational areas, fostering a
sense of community among residents.​
​
4. Cultural and Social Impact: The Marseille Block was influential in the development of modernist housing and urban
planning. It served as a prototype for future housing projects and reflected the post-war need for affordable and
efficient housing solutions. Le Corbusier's vision of collective living and community-oriented design has had a lasting
impact on urban architecture.
5. Recognition and Preservation: The Marseille Block is recognized as a historical monument and
is part of the UNESCO World Heritage list. It continues to attract architects, students, and visitors
interested in modernist architecture and urban design.

In summary, the Marseille Block exemplifies Le Corbusier's innovative approach to residential

architecture, emphasizing community, functionality, and modern living. Its design principles have
influenced countless housing projects worldwide, making it a landmark in architectural history.
The "Dancing House," also known as "Fred and Ginger," is an iconic building
located in Prague, Czech Republic, designed by architect Frank Gehry in
collaboration with Croatian architect Vlado Milunić. Completed in 1996, this
architectural marvel is known for its unique and unconventional design, which
stands out amidst the historic architecture of the city.

1.Design Concept: The Dancing House is inspired by the concept of

movement and fluidity, resembling a pair of dancers in motion. Gehry
aimed to create a structure that
contrasts with the traditional buildings surrounding it, symbolizing the dynamic and evolving nature
of Prague. The building's form is characterized by a twisting, curvilinear shape that appears to sway,
giving it a sense of rhythm and energy.

2.Architectural Features: The structure consists of two main towers: one is a glass and steel building
that resembles a dancer, while the other is a concrete structure that represents the dancer's partner.
The use of glass allows for transparency and reflection, enhancing the visual impact of the building.
The irregular shapes and angles create a playful and engaging facade, making it a landmark in the city.

3.Cultural Significance: The Dancing House has become a symbol of modern architecture in
Prague, attracting tourists and architecture enthusiasts from ar.ound the world. It represents a
departure from traditional architectural norms and showcases Gehry's innovative approach to
design. The building has also sparked discussions about the integration of modern architecture
within historical contexts.
5. Recognition and Awards: The Dancing House has received numerous accolades for its innovative
design and has been featured in various architectural publications. It is celebrated as one of Gehry's
most notable works and continues to inspire architects and designers globally.

In summary, the Dancing House by Frank Gehry is a remarkable example of contemporary architecture
that embodies movement and creativity. Its distinctive design and integration into the historical fabric
of Prague make it a significant landmark and a testament to the possibilities of modern architectural
expression.
The IAC Building, designed by Frank Gehry, is located in New York City and
serves as the headquarters for the InterActiveCorp (IAC). Completed in 2007,
this building is notable for its innovative design and use of materials, reflecting
Gehry's signature style.

1.Design Concept: The IAC Building is characterized by its flowing,

sculptural form that resembles a ship's sail. Gehry aimed to create a
structure that would stand out in the urban landscape while also reflecting
the dynamic nature of the digital media company it houses. The building's
design is intended to evoke a sense of movement and fluidity.

2.Architectural Features: The facade of the IAC Building is made up of glass panels that are
intricately shaped and arranged, creating a shimmering effect that changes with the light and weather.
The building features a series of curved and angular surfaces that give it a unique, organic
appearance. The use of white glass and steel enhances its modern aesthetic.

3.Sustainability: The IAC Building incorporates several sustainable design elements, including
energy-efficient systems and materials. It has been recognized for its environmentally friendly
practices, contributing to its status as a modern architectural achievement.

4.Cultural Impact: The IAC Building has become an iconic part of the Manhattan skyline and is often
cited as a prime example of contemporary architecture. Its distinctive design has drawn attention from
both the public and architectural critics, making it a popular subject for discussion in the field of
architecture.
In summary, the IAC Building by Frank Gehry is a remarkable example of modern architecture that
combines innovative design, sustainability, and functionality. Its unique form and aesthetic make it a
significant addition to New York City's architectural landscape.
The Kahn's design for the Art United Center (also known as the Salk Institute
for Biological Studies) is often celebrated for its architectural significance and
innovative use of space. Here are some key points about the building:

1.Design Philosophy: Louis Kahn believed in the power of light and space, and
this is evident in his design for the Art United Center. He aimed to create a
structure that would harmonize with its surroundings while fostering creativity
and contemplation.

2.Architectural Features: The building is characterized by its monumental forms and the use of
concrete, which gives it a robust and timeless quality. Kahn's design features large, open spaces that
allow for natural light to permeate the interior, creating a serene environment for artistic expression.

3.Spatial Organization: The layout of the Art United Center emphasizes a sense of community and
collaboration. Kahn designed various interconnected spaces, including galleries, studios, and communal
areas, encouraging interaction among artists and visitors.

4.Light and Material: Kahn's use of light is a defining aspect of the building. He strategically
positioned windows and skylights to create dynamic lighting conditions throughout the day, enhancing
the experience of the artworks displayed within.

5.Cultural Impact: The Art United Center is not only an architectural landmark but also a cultural hub
that supports the arts. It has hosted numerous exhibitions and events, contributing to the cultural
landscape of its location.
In summary, the Art United Center by Louis Kahn is a masterful example of modern architecture that
reflects Kahn's philosophies on light, space, and community. Its design continues to inspire and serve
as a vital space for artistic engagement.
Sure! Here’s a detailed overview of the Kimbell Art Museum with a focus on Louis Kahn's
design philosophy:

Design Philosophy of Louis Kahn at the Kimbell Art Museum

1.Light as a Material: Kahn believed that light is as important as any physical material used in
architecture. At the Kimbell, he used skylights to allow natural light to filter into the galleries,
creating a serene atmosphere that enhances the experience of viewing art. This approach
reflects his idea that light can transform space and influence how art is perceived.

2.Monumentality and Intimacy: Kahn aimed to create spaces that felt both monumental and intimate.
The museum's vaulted ceilings and open spaces give a grand feeling, while the carefully designed
galleries provide a more personal experience for visitors. This duality invites contemplation and
reflection.

3. Materiality and Texture: Kahn was known for his thoughtful use of materials. At the Kimbell, he
used concrete and brick, which not only provide structural integrity but also add warmth and texture
to the spaces. The tactile quality of the materials enhances the sensory experience within the
museum.

4. Spatial Organization: The layout of the Kimbell Art Museum reflects Kahn's belief in the
importance of spatial relationships. The galleries are arranged in a linear sequence, guiding visitors
through a journey of discovery. The central courtyard serves as a gathering space, connecting
different parts of the museum and fostering a sense of community.
5. Integration with Nature: Kahn emphasized the connection between architecture and its surroundings.
The Kimbell is beautifully integrated into its landscape, with gardens and water features that create a
harmonious relationship between the built environment and nature. This design choice encourages
visitors to engage with the outdoor spaces as well.

Conclusion
In summary, Louis Kahn's design philosophy at the Kimbell Art Museum revolves around the interplay
of light,
materiality, and spatial organization. His innovative approach not only enhances the architectural
experience but also enriches the appreciation of the art within the museum. The Kimbell stands as a
testament to Kahn's vision and remains a significant contribution to modern architecture.