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Hashing Efficient Data Storage and Retrieval

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9 views

Hashing Efficient Data Storage and Retrieval

Uploaded by

ajaysubramani16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hashing:

Efficient Data
Storage and
Retrieval
Explore the world of hashing, a powerful technique in
computer science. Discover how it revolutionizes data
storage and retrieval, making operations lightning-fast and
efficient.
by Ajay Subramani _ career
Introduction to Hashing
1 Definition
Hashing transforms data of arbitrary size into fixed-
size values, called hash codes or hash values.

2 Purpose
It enables rapid data retrieval and efficient storage in
computer systems and databases.

3 Efficiency
Hashing provides constant-time complexity for
insertion, deletion, and lookup operations in ideal
scenarios.
Hash Tables: The Foundation
Structure Operation Performance

Hash tables use an array-like Keys are hashed to determine Well-designed hash tables offer
structure to store key-value their storage location. Values O(1) average-case complexity
pairs. Each slot corresponds to are retrieved using the same for basic operations. This makes
a hash code. process. them highly efficient.
Hash Functions: The
Heart of Hashing
1 Input Processing
Hash functions take an input (key) of any size. They
process it systematically.

2 Transformation
The input undergoes a series of mathematical
operations. These create a unique output.

3 Output Generation
The result is a fixed-size hash value. It's typically
represented as a string of characters.
Collisions: The
Inevitable Challenge
Definition
Collisions occur when two different keys hash to the same value.
They're unavoidable in practice.

Causes
Limited hash table size and the infinite possible inputs lead to
collisions. The birthday paradox explains their likelihood.

Impact
Collisions can degrade hash table performance. Effective
handling is crucial for maintaining efficiency.
Collision Handling:
Chaining and Open
Addressing
Technique Description Pros Cons

Chaining Each slot Simple Extra


contains a implementati memory for
linked list of on, good for pointers
entries high load
factors

Open Probes Better cache Sensitive to


Addressing alternative performance, clustering,
slots until an no extra requires
empty one is pointers careful
found management
Advanced Techniques:
Rehashing and Double
Hashing
Rehashing
Resize the hash table and recompute all hash values. It
maintains performance as the table grows.

Double Hashing
Use a second hash function for probing. It reduces
clustering in open addressing schemes.

Performance Impact
These techniques significantly improve collision handling.
They ensure consistent performance even under high
loads.
Pros and Cons of Hashing
Advantages Disadvantages

• Fast data retrieval • Collision handling overhead


• Efficient for large datasets • Potential for clustering
• Flexible key types • Non-ordered storage
Real-World Applications of Hash

Databases
Hashing enables quick data retrieval in large-scale database systems. It's crucial
for indexing and query optimization.

Cryptography
Secure hash functions are fundamental in digital signatures and password
storage. They ensure data integrity and authenticity.

Network Protocols
Hashing is used in load balancing, data deduplication, and content-addressable
storage in distributed systems.
Implementing Hash
Tables: A Practical
Approach
1 Data Structure Design
Choose an appropriate array size and collision handling
method. Consider the expected data volume and access
patterns.

2 Hash Function Selection


Implement a good hash function. It should distribute keys
uniformly and be computationally efficient.

3 Testing and Optimization


Thoroughly test your implementation with various datasets.
Monitor performance and adjust as necessary for optimal
results.

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