PART II.

Fill in the blanks with words that will best complete the
statements given below. Choose
Probability your answer from the
Intersection answer box
Impossible
below Outcome
Certain Experiment Cardinality
Possible
Event
 ____________ Favorable
Experiment are set of repeated Union results
activities which have well-defined
and ___________
Outcomes Sample
are the possible Space
results of these activities.
 __________
Sample Spaceis the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment and any of
its subset is called a/an ________.
Event
 In an experiment with equally probable outcome, to determine the
probability of an event E, with its formula, where n(E) is the number of
_________
Favorable outcomes and n(S) is the number of _________
Possible outcomes.
 If P(E) = 0, then E is a/an impossible
_______ event, and if P(E) = 1, then E is a/an
__________
certain event.
 The ________
union of two events is the set of all outcomes that are in at least
one of the event while intersection
the ___________ of two events is the set of all
outcomes that are in both events.
 PROBABILITY
OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND NOT
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

MATHEMATICS 10
 PROBABILITY
OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE AND NOT
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

MATHEMATICS 10
OBJECTIVES:
1) illustrate the probability of a union of two events,

3) find the probability of 𝐴∪𝐵.

2) illustrate mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events,

4) solve problems involving the probability of mutually exclusive

and not mutually exclusive events.
REVIEW
 EXAMPLES ON SOLVING PROBABILITY OF
COMPOUND EVENTS

Example 1. A six-face die which contains numbers of dots from 1

to 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an:
a) even number or a multiple of 3.
b) even number and a multiple of 3.
Solution:
The experiment is rolling a die once,
whose sample space, S, is
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
The elements of the two events are:
A = {2, 3, 4, 6}
n(S) = 6 cardinality of the sample B = {6}
space
 EXAMPLES ON SOLVING PROBABILITY OF
COMPOUND EVENTS

Example 1. A six-face die which contains numbers of dots from 1

to 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an:
a) even number or a multiple of 3.
b) even number and a multiple of 3.
A = {2, 3, 4, 6}
B = {6}
Solution:
The elements of the two events are:

A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4, 6}
n (A ∪ B) = 4
A. P(A ∪ B) = = =
 EXAMPLES ON SOLVING PROBABILITY OF
COMPOUND EVENTS

Example 1. A six-face die which contains numbers of dots from 1

to 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an:
a) even number or a multiple of 3.
b) even number and a multiple of 3.
A = {2, 3, 4, 6}
B = { 6}
Solution:
The elements of the two events are:
A ∩ B = {6}
n(A ∩ B) = 1
B. P(A ∩ B) = =
PROBLEM
Daryll and Ricky decided to play Polynomial Damath to
ease their boredom brought about by the COVID-19
pandemic. They agreed that they will roll a die to
determine who will make the first move. Both will roll
the die and whoever gets the higher number makes the
first move. Ricky rolls the die and gets a 4. What is the
probability that Daryll gets to play first?
Rolling a die and getting a 5, and rolling a die and getting a
6 are two simple events that cannot occur or happen at the
same time.
 SEATWORK #
Put a tick ( /) if the events can happen at the same time and (X) if they can’t happen at
the same time on the box.
 SEATWORK #
Put a tick ( /) if the events can happen at the same time and (X) if they can’t happen at
the same time on the box.

x
/
/
x
x
 DEFINITION
 A compound event consists of two or more simple
events that are connected by the word and or or.

 Two events are mutually exclusive if both events

cannot occur at the same time. These events have no
common elements. They are also called disjoint
events.

 Two events are not mutually exclusive if both

events can occur at the same time. These events have
 EXAMPLE
Example 1. In tossing a coin once, the events of getting a head
and getting a tail are mutually exclusive events because they

head and B is the event of getting a tail, then, 𝑨∩𝑩={ } or

cannot appear at the same time. If A is the event of getting a

𝑛(𝑨∩𝑩)=𝟎. That is, there is no common element in events A

and B.
Example 2. In rolling a six-sided die once, the events ‘a 2 turning
up’ and ‘an even number turning up’ are not mutually exclusive

‘an even number turning up’, then, A ={2} and B ={2,4,6}.

events. If A is the event of ‘a 2 turning up’ and B is the event of

therefore, 𝑨∩𝑩={𝟐} 𝑜𝑟 𝑛(𝑨∩𝑩)=𝟏.

Observe that the number 2 is common to both events A and B,
 PROBABILITY OF MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS

If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the

probability that either A or B occurs is the sum of their
probabilities.

𝑷(𝑨 𝐨𝐫 𝑩)=𝑷(𝑨∪𝑩)= 𝑷(𝑨)+𝑷(𝑩)

In symbols,
 EXAMPLE
Example 3. A bag contains 4 blue marbles, 8 green marbles
and 6 red marbles. Carlo draws one ball at random. What is
the probability that the marble is either red or green?
Solution: A ball cannot be both red and green, so these are mutually
exclusive events.
𝑃(red or green) =𝑃(red) + 𝑃(green)

The probability that the

drawn marble is either red or
green is 7/9.
 EXAMPLE
Example 4. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52
cards. What is the probability of drawing an ace, a 10 or a king?

Solution: The three events are mutually exclusive since you cannot draw
a card that is an ace, a 10 and a king at the same time.
𝑃(ace or 10 or king) =𝑃(ace) + 𝑃(10)+𝑃(king)

The probability of drawing an ace, a 10 or a king is 3/13.

PROBABILITY OF NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS OR INCLUSIVE EVENTS

For any two events A and B of the same experiment

which are not mutually exclusive events, the
probability of the union of A and B is

𝑷(𝑨∪𝑩)= 𝑷(𝑨)+𝑷(𝑩)
−𝑷(𝑨∩𝑩)
 EXAMPLE
Example 5. A die is rolled once. What is the
probability of an even number or a factor of 6

𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)= 𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵)
turning up?

numbered 1 – 6, so, 𝑛(𝑆)=6.

−𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Solution: A die has six faces

Let: A = { even number}

B = {factor of 6}

A ={2,4,6 } 𝑛(𝐴)=3
B ={1,2,3,6 }𝑛(𝐵)=4
The probability of getting an even number
or a factor of 6 is 5/6.
 EXAMPLE
Example 6. If there is 30% chance of rain on Saturday, 70%
chance of rain on Sunday, and 21% chance of rain on Saturday
and Sunday, what is the probability that it will rain on either
Saturday or Sunday?
𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)= 𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵)−𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Let: A = { chance of rain on Saturday}
Solution:
𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)= 0.30 +0.70 −0.21
B = {chance of rain on Sunday}
𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵) = 0.79=79%
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)={Saturday and Sunday}
There is 79% chance that it will
rain on either Saturday or Sunday.
 QUIZ
I. Determine if each pair of events are mutually exclusive (ME) or not
mutually exclusive (I). Write your answer on the blank before each number.
_____ 1) drawing ‘a jack’ and ‘a club’ from a standard deck of cards
_____ 2) drawing ‘a 7’ and ‘a 4’ from a standard deck of cards
_____ 3) picking ‘a blue ball’ and ‘a red ball’ in a basket
_____ 4) electing ‘the president’ and ‘the secretary’ of the class
_____ 5) getting ‘an even number’ and ‘a factor of 4’ in rolling a fair die
once
_____ 6) getting ‘a prime number’ and ‘a multiple of 2’ in rolling a fair die
once
_____ 7) getting ‘a 1’ and ‘a prime number’ in rolling a fair die once
_____ 8) getting ‘a grade of 90 in Math’ and getting ‘a grade of 90 in
English’
 ASSIGNMENT
1) In this ‘new normal situation’, nobody can go out without
wearing a face mask. Mark has 15 disposable face masks:
4 are red, 6 are blue and 5 are green. What is the
probability that he will wear a red or a blue face mask
today?

2) Each of the numbers 1 – 30 is written on a slip of paper,

rolled and put in a box and mixed thoroughly. One number is
picked up at random. Find the probability that the picked
number is even or a multiple of 5?