8086 PIN DIAGRAM

8086 PIN DIAGRAM

THE 8086 IS A 16-BIT MICROPROCESSOR

THAT WAS INTRODUCED BY INTEL IN
1978. IT HAS A 40-PIN DUAL IN-LINE
PACKAGE (DIP) AND ITS PIN DIAGRAM
CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. HERE IS AN
OVERVIEW OF THE PIN DIAGRAM AND
THE FUNCTION OF EACH PIN:
 MAX AND MIN MODE OF 8086
• MAXIMUM MODE:
MICROPROCESSOR
IN THE MAXIMUM MODE, THE MICROPROCESSOR IS CONNECTED TO AN EXTERNAL BUS CONTROLLER THAT
GENERATES ALL THE CONTROL SIGNALS FOR THE SYSTEM. THE BUS CONTROLLER MANAGES THE DATA, ADDRESS,
AND CONTROL SIGNALS, AND PROVIDES A HIGHER DEGREE OF FLEXIBILITY AND CONTROL OVER THE SYSTEM. FOR
MAXIMUM MODE CONNECTED WITH GROUND .THE FOLLOWING PINS ARE USED IN MAXIMUM MODE:

1. LOCK

2. S2

3. S1

4. S0

5. QS0

6.QS1

7.RQ/GT1

8.RQ/GT0
 MAX AND MIN MODE OF 8086
• MINIMUM MODE:
MICROPROCESSOR
IN THE MINIMUM MODE, THE MICROPROCESSOR GENERATES THE CONTROL SIGNALS FOR THE SYSTEM,
AND ALL THE BUS CONTROL SIGNALS ARE DERIVED FROM THE MICROPROCESSOR.FOR MINIMUM MODE
CONNECTED WITH VCC. THE FOLLOWING PINS ARE USED IN MINIMUM MODE:

1.HOLD

2.HLDA

3.WR

4.M/IO`

5.DEN

6.ALE

7.INTA
 FUNCTIONS OF THE PINS
AD0-AD15:

THESE ARE THE ADDRESS/DATA BUS AND ARE USED TO TRANSFER BOTH ADDRESS AND DATA BETWEEN THE
PROCESSOR AND MEMORY OR I/O DEVICES. THE 8086 HAS 20LINES FOR ADDRESS AND 16 DATA LINES. HERE, AD0-
AD15 ARE TIME MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS DATA LINES AND CAN BE SEPARATED BY ALE TERMINAL. IF THE ALE =1
THEN IT CARRIES THE ADDRESS [A0-A15] AND IF ALE=0 THEN IT CARRIES DATA [D0-D15].

A16/S3-A19/S6:

8086 HAS 4 TIME MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS STATUS LINES A19/S6-A16/S3 AND CAN BE SEPARATED BY ALE TERMINAL.
IF ALE =1 THEN IT CARRIES THE ADDRESS [A19-A16] AND IF ALE =0 THEN IT CARRIES STATUS SIGNAL .THEY ARE
USED TO PROVIDE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF THE ADDRESS BUS DURING MEMORY OR I/O OPERATIONS.

STATUS SIGNAL [S7/S3]

S3 AND S4 INDICATE WHICH SEGMENT IS ACCESSED BY 8086 DURING CURRENT BUS CYCLE.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE PINS
S4 S3 Segment accessed
0 0 ES
0 1 SS
1 0 CS
1 1 DS

• S5 REFLECTS IF FLAG REGISTER

• S6 IS ALWAYS 0
• S7 IS ALWAYS 1

BUS HIGH ENABLE-[BHE/S7]:

IT IS A CONTROL SIGNAL INPUT PIN IN THE 8086 MICROPROCESSOR USED TO ENABLE THE
HIGH BYTE OF THE DATA BUS DURING A MEMORY OR I/O READ OR WRITES OPERATION. WHEN
BHE IS ACTIVE, IT INDICATES THAT THE DATA BEING TRANSFERRED ON THE BUS IS FOR THE
HIGH BYTE OF THE 16-BIT DATA WORD. THE LOW BYTE IS TRANSFERRED ON THE OTHER
HALF OF THE DATA BUS, WHICH IS CONTROLLED BY THE LOWER BYTE ENABLE (ALE) SIGNAL.
 FUNCTIONS OF PINS
ALE (ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE):
• THIS IS A SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT IS USED TO LATCH THE
ADDRESS OF AN INSTRUCTION OR DATA INTO AN EXTERNAL LATCH CIRCUIT.
NON- MASKABLE INTERRUPT [NMI]:
• IT IS A TYPE OF INTERRUPT THAT CANNOT BE DISPLAYED BY THE SOFTWARE.IT IS USED FOR
CRITICAL SYSTEM EVENTS SUCH AS POWER FAILURE OR HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS. WHEN
AN NMI OCCURS, THE MICROPROCESSOR STOPS EXECUTING THE CURRENT INSTRUCTION
AND JUMPS TO A PREDEFINED MEMORY LOCATION TO HANDLE THE INTERRUPT.
INTERRUPT REQUEST-[INTR]:
• IT USED TO SIGNAL AN INTERRUPT REQUEST TO THE PROCESSOR.THIS IS LEVEL TRIGGERED
HARDWARE INTERRUPT WHICH DEPENDS OF STATUS OF INTERRUPT FLAG. IF IF=1, INTR=1,
THE 8086 GETS INTERRUPTED .IF IF=O, INTR=1, THEN THE INTR IS DISABLED.
 FUNCTIONS OF PINS
INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT - [INTA]:
• INTA IS A CONTROL SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN IN THE 8086 MICROPROCESSORS THAT IS USED TO
ACKNOWLEDGE AN INTERRUPT REQUEST .WHEN AN INTERRUPT REQUEST IS RECEIVED ON
THE INTR PIN ,THE MICROPROCESSOR SENDS AN INTA SIGNAL TO THE EXTERNAL DEVICE TO
INDICATE THAT IT HAS ACKNOWLEDGED THE INTERRUPT REQUEST. THE EXTERNAL DEVICE
THEN SENDS AN INTERRUPT VECTOR NUMBER TO THE MICROPROCESSOR, WHICH IS USED TO
DETERMINE THE ISR TO BE EXECUTED .
SYSTEM CLOCK-[CLK]:
• THIS IS A SIGNAL INPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT PROVIDES TIMING INFORMATION
TO SYNCHRONIZE THE EXECUTION OF INSTRUCTIONS. THE CLOCK SIGNAL DETERMINES THE
SPEED AT WHICH THE MICROPROCESSOR OPERATES.
READY SIGNAL - [READY]:
• THIS IS A SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT INDICATES WHEN THE
MICROPROCESSOR IS READY TO RECEIVE OR SEND DATA. IT IS USED TO SYNCHRONIZE DATA
TRANSFER BETWEEN THE MICROPROCESSOR AND EXTERNAL DEVICES.
 FUNCTIONS OF PINS
SYSTEM RESET-[RESET]
• THIS IS A SIGNAL INPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT IS USED TO RESET THE MICROPROCESSOR TO
ITS INITIAL STATE. WHEN THIS SIGNAL IS ACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR STOPS EXECUTING
INSTRUCTIONS AND RETURNS TO ITS INITIAL STATE.
GROUND:
• THIS IS A GROUND PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT PROVIDES A REFERENCE VOLTAGE FOR THE
MICROPROCESSOR.
VCC:
• THIS IS A POWER SUPPLY PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT PROVIDES THE VOLTAGE REQUIRED FOR THE
MICROPROCESSOR TO OPERATE.
DEN (DATA ENABLE):
• THIS IS A SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT IS USED TO ENABLE THE DATA BUS DURING
DATA TRANSFER OPERATIONS. IT IS USED TO SYNCHRONIZE DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN THE
MICROPROCESSOR AND EXTERNAL DEVICES.
WR (WRITE):
• THIS IS A SIGNAL INPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT IS USED TO WRITE DATA TO AN EXTERNAL
 FUNCTIONS OF PINS
TEST:
• THIS PIN IS USED FOR TESTING PURPOSES AND IS NOT USED IN NORMAL OPERATION, IT IS USED FOR
SYNCHRONIZATION. WHEN THIS INPUT IS LOGIC 0, 8086 EXECUTES WAIT.
LOCK
• THE LOCK PIN IS USED TO PREVENT OTHER DEVICES FROM ACCESSING THE SYSTEM BUS WHILE THE
MICROPROCESSOR IS PERFORMING A CRITICAL OPERATION. WHEN THIS SIGNAL IS ACTIVATED, THE
MICROPROCESSOR LOCKS THE BUS AND PREVENTS OTHER DEVICES FROM ACCESSING IT.
HOLD
• THE HOLD PIN IS USED TO TEMPORARILY HALT THE EXECUTION OF INSTRUCTIONS. WHEN THIS SIGNAL IS
ACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR STOPS EXECUTING INSTRUCTIONS AND WAITS FOR THE HOLD SIGNAL
TO BE DEACTIVATED BEFORE RESUMING EXECUTION.
M/O
• THE M/IO PIN IS USED TO SELECT WHETHER AN OPERATION WILL BE PERFORMED ON MEMORY OR AN I/O
DEVICE. WHEN THIS SIGNAL IS ACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR PERFORMS AN I/O OPERATION. WHEN IT
IS DEACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR PERFORMS A MEMORY OPERATION.
 FUNCTIONS OF PINS
READ-[RD]:
• THIS IS A SIGNAL INPUT PIN IN THE MICROPROCESSOR THAT IS USED TO READ DATA FROM AN EXTERNAL DEVICE. WHEN
THIS SIGNAL IS ACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR READS DATA FROM THE EXTERNAL DEVICE USING THE DATA BUS.
DT/R:
• THE DT/R PIN IS USED TO SELECT WHETHER DATA WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO OR FROM AN EXTERNAL DEVICE. WHEN
THIS SIGNAL IS ACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR TRANSFERS DATA FROM AN EXTERNAL DEVICE TO THE
MICROPROCESSOR. WHEN IT IS DEACTIVATED, THE MICROPROCESSOR TRANSFERS DATA FROM THE MICROPROCESSOR
TO AN EXTERNAL DEVICE.
THE S0, S1, AND S2 PINS OF THE 8086 MICROPROCESSOR ARE USED TO SELECT THE TYPE OF OPERATION THAT THE
MICROPROCESSOR WILL PERFORM. THE COMBINATION OF THESE SIGNALS DETERMINES WHETHER THE MICROPROCESSOR
WILL PERFORM A MEMORY READ, MEMORY WRITE, I/O READ OR I/O WRITE OPERATION. THE QS0 AND QS1 PINS PROVIDE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT STATE OF THE S0 AND S1 SIGNALS, INDICATING THE TYPE OF OPERATION THAT THE
MICROPROCESSOR IS CURRENTLY PERFORMING.
THE RQ/GT0 AND RQ/GT1 PINS ARE USED TO REQUEST ACCESS TO THE SYSTEM BUS. WHEN A DEVICE NEEDS TO ACCESS
THE BUS, IT ACTIVATES THE RQ/GT SIGNAL. THE MICROPROCESSOR RESPONDS BY EITHER GRANTING OR DENYING ACCESS
TO THE BUS. THE HLDA PIN IS USED TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT A DEVICE HAS BEEN GRANTED ACCESS TO THE SYSTEM BUS.
QUESTION 20 FLOWCHART
• REFERENCES
• BREY,B.B.,2009.THE INTEL MICROPROCESSORS, 8086/8088-CORE2 WITH
64BIT EXTENSION: ARCHITECTURE ,PROGRAMMING AND
INTERFACING.8TH.NEW JERSEY: PEARSON PRENTICE HALL INTERNATIONAL
• CRISP, J., 2004.INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS AND
MICROCONTROLLERS.2ND ED.ELSEVIER.
• COUNTER-PHYSICAL SIZE OF REGISTERS FOR X 86-ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING ,STACK EXCHANGE
• CHEN,W.-K,2003.MEMORY ,MICROPROCESSORS AND ASCII.CRC PRESS, LLC
• 8051 MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK DIAGRAM | EDRAWMAX TEMPLATES