SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Ramapuram , Chennai – 600 089

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

18CSP107L- MINOR PROJECT

Movie Recommender System using Hybrid Algorithm

BATCH NUMBER : 12
Team Members Supervisor

RA2111003020136(A.GAYATHRI) Mrs S.Sajini, AP/CSE

RA2111003020154(M.PARIJATHA) SRMIST RAMAPURAM
RA2111003020176(M.NANDU PRIYA)

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 Agenda
• Abstract
• Scope and Motivation
• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Objective
• Problem Statement
• Proposed Work
• Architecture Diagram/Flow Diagram/Block Diagram
• Novel idea
• Modules
• Module Description
• Algorithm
• Software & Hardware Requirements
• Implementation
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• Future Work
• References
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 ABSTRACT
Machine Learning algorithms are essential in the era of abundant digital media where
personalized recommendation systems play a crucial role in enhancing user experience and
engagement. It can be challenging to choose the perfect movie from a large variety, which can
cause aggravation and time to be lost. By offering tailored movie recommendations based on
User’s interests and preferences, recommendation systems provide an answer.

This paper includes algorithms like SVD (singular value decomposition), cosine similarity etc. To
comprehend user behavior and offer precise recommendations, these systems make use of
temporal analysis methods and data analytics. While content-based filtering divides movie
features according to user preferences, collaborative filtering algorithms find similarities
between individuals or movies. The literature review's findings demonstrate the efficacy of
time
series data-based movie recommendation systems by demonstrating their capacity to make
appropriate recommendations in the face of shifting data and shifting preferences. In addition,
the system integrates user feedback tools to iteratively improve and customize
recommendations.
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 Scope and Motivation
• The scope of this project is to design and implement a hybrid movie
recommender system that combines collaborative filtering and content-
based filtering approaches to improve movie recommendations. This
involves collecting user interaction data, designing and training models, and
evaluating system performance. The project may also include deploying a
scalable system or creating a user-friendly interface for recommendations.
• The motivation for this project arises from the need to improve
recommendation accuracy, particularly in addressing issues like the cold-
start problem and providing more personalized, diverse suggestions. The
project also presents an opportunity to apply modern machine learning
techniques to a real-world problem, with the potential to improve user
engagement and satisfaction in online movie platforms. Additionally, it
aligns well with the growing demand for recommender systems in the tech
industry, offering practical and transferable skills for the future.

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 Introduction
Recommendation Systems are straightforward algorithms that aim at
providing the most relevant and accurate products to the user by filtering
useful stuff from of a huge pool of database. Recommendation engines
find data patterns in the data set by analyzing consumers choices and
producing the outcomes that co-relates to their specific needs and
interests. Recommendation systems aim to predict users’ interests and
recommend product items that quite likely are interesting for them.
Recommender frameworks are utilized to make suggestions about data,
items, or services for users. We propose a hybrid recommender
framework for movie recommendations dependent on user interaction
and behavior. The recommender framework acknowledges user
demands, prescribes N things to the user and records user interest,
decision, preference, and choice.

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 Literature Survey
S. No. Title of the Paper Year Journal/Conference Inferences
Name
1. Movie Recommendation 2020 International Journal of progressively explicit
System Using Machine Research in Industrial outcomes based on
Learning Engineering collaborative
approach

2. A Hybrid Approach for Movie 2021 International Journal of Integrating Content-

Recommendation based on Scientific Research in Based Filtering (CBF)
User Behavior Science and Technology and Collaborative
Filtering (CF)

3. A comprehensive analysis on 2021 Springer CF algorithm and its

movie recommendation applications for
system employing Movie
collaborative filtering Recommendation
System

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S. no Title of the Paper Year Journal / conference Inferences
name
4. A Survey on Deep learning techniques
Learning for for recommender
Recommender 2021 ACM Computing Surveys systems, including
Systems: Current challenges and
Progress and Future future research
Directions opportunities.

5. Fairness and Bias in overview of fairness

Recommender 2022 ACM Transactions on and bias issues in
Systems: A Survey and Information Systems recommender
Future Directions systems, highlighting
recent
developments and
potential solutions.

6. Reviews the state of

2023 explainable AI in
Explainable AI in recommender
Recommender IEEE Transactions on systems and trust in
Systems: Current Knowledge and Data automated decision-
Approaches and Engineering making.
Challenges

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 Objective
The objective of creating a movie recommender system is to provide personalized movie suggestions to users
based on their preferences and behaviors. This enhances the user experience by helping them discover movies
they are likely to enjoy, leading to increased satisfaction and engagement with the platform. Here are the key
goals and benefits of a movie recommender system:
• Personalization
• Tailored Recommendations.
• Enhanced User Experience
• Increased Engagement
• User Retention
• Content Discovery
• Improved Satisfaction
• Relevant Content
• Reduced Search Time
• Business Benefits
• Increased Revenue: For streaming services or movie rental platforms, effective recommendations can
lead to higher user engagement, which can translate into increased subscription renewals or rental
fees.
• Competitive Edge: Offering a superior recommendation system can differentiate a service from its
competitors and attract more users.

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 Problem Statement
The Movie Recommendation System addresses the issue of users being
overwhelmed by a vast number of movie choices on streaming platforms. Users
often spend too much time searching for movies that match their preferences,
leading to frustration. To solve this, the system uses a content-based algorithm to
analyze the features of movies a user has previously enjoyed, such as genre,
actors, and plot, to recommend similar films. By providing personalized
suggestions, the system enhances the user experience, helping them quickly find
movies that suit their tastes. The system is developed using Python to efficiently
implement the recommendation engine.

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 Proposed Work
The proposed work involves cosine similarity typically starts by collecting and preprocessing
data, including user ratings and movie attributes such as genres, actors, and directors. The data is
then used to create a user-item matrix, where rows represent users, and columns represent movies.
Each entry in the matrix corresponds to a user’s rating for a specific movie. This matrix serves as
the foundation for the similarity calculations.

Next, the cosine similarity metric is applied to measure the similarity between either users or
movies based on their rating vectors. For user-based recommendations, the system identifies users
with similar tastes by comparing their rating patterns across movies.
For item-based recommendations, the system compares movies to determine which ones are most
similar based on how users have rated them Cosine similarity is particularly effective because it
measures the cosine of the angle between two vectors, capturing how closely they align,
regardless of their magnitude.

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Finally, the recommendation system generates personalized suggestions. For a given user, the
system recommends movies that similar users have rated highly or that are similar to movies
the user has liked. By leveraging cosine similarity, the system ensures that recommendations
are based on the most relevant and closely related data, enhancing the accuracy and relevance
of the suggestions.

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 Block Diagram of Proposed System

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 Novel idea
Some Novel Ideas that we can create movie recommendations using ML….

Emotion Recognition-Based Recommendations: Develop a system that recommends movies based on the
user’s current emotional state. This could involve integrating facial recognition and emotion detection
technology to suggest films that match the mood.

Cross-Platform Behavioral Analysis: Create a recommendation engine that analyzes user behavior across
different platforms, like social media, to understand their preferences and suggest movies accordingly.

Voice-Activated Recommendations: Implement a voice recognition feature that allows users to ask for movie
suggestions and provides recommendations based on the conversation’s context and sentiment.

Interactive Chatbot Recommender: Design a chatbot that engages in a conversation with the user to
understand their movie preferences and then suggests movies based on the dialogue.

Cultural Context Algorithm: Incorporate a cultural context understanding into your recommendation system to
suggest movies that align with the user’s cultural background and current trends within their community.

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 Modules
A movie recommendation system typically comprises several key modules, each serving a specific
function to ensure accurate and efficient recommendations. Here's an overview of the main
modules in a movie recommendation system:
• Data Collection Module
• Data Preprocessing Module
• User Profiling Module
• Movie Profiling Module
• Recommendation Engine Module
• Data Storage Module

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 Module Description

• Data Collection Module: Collects all relevant data needed for the recommendation system.
• Data Preprocessing Module: Cleans and processes the collected data to prepare it for analysis.
• User and Movie Profiling Modules: Create detailed profiles for users and movies based on the
processed data.
• Recommendation Engine Module: Uses various algorithms to generate movie
recommendations.
• User Interface Module: Provides a platform for users to interact with the system.
• Data Storage Module: Manages the storage of all data.

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 ALGORITHM
1. Collaborative Filtering (CF): Collaborative filtering focuses on finding patterns in user behavior
(like ratings, interactions, etc.) to recommend movies.
• Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF): is a technique used in movie recommendation
systems to decompose the user-movie rating matrix into two non-negative matrices
representing user and movie latent features. This helps predict missing ratings by modeling
user preferences and movie characteristics. NMF is effective for providing personalized
recommendations based on these predicted ratings.
2. Content-Based Filtering (CB): This approach recommends movies based on the metadata
(genres, directors, actors, plot descriptions) of movies the user has liked in the past.
• Cosine similarity: a metric used in movie recommendation systems to measure the similarity
between two user or movie vectors based on their attributes, such as genres, actors, or
ratings. It calculates the cosine of the angle between these vectors in a multidimensional
space, with values ranging from -1 (completely dissimilar) to 1 (completely similar). In a
recommendation system, higher cosine similarity indicates that two movies are more alike,
allowing the system to recommend movies that match user preferences. It is particularly
effective in handling sparse data, common in recommendation scenarios.

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 Software & Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements:
1. Python: To build the recommendation system.
2. Code Editor: Jupyter Notebook, PyCharm, or VSCode to write and run the code.
3. Libraries: NumPy, Pandas for handling data, and Scikit-learn for machine learning.
4. Flask/Django: making a simple webApp
5. Operating System: Windows.

Hardware Requirements:
6. Processor: At least Intel i3, but Intel i5 or better is recommended.
7. RAM: Minimum 4 GB, but 8 GB is better for faster performance.
8. Storage: 10 GB free space for software, data, and results.
9. Internet: To download necessary software and libraries.

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• Data Collection module

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• Data Preprocessing module

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• Movie Profiling Module

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 Output screenshot

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 Results and Discussion
• One common issue with pure Collaborative Filtering (CF) systems is that they
tend to recommend very similar items based on user clusters, which can
result in narrow recommendations. Content-Based Filtering (CBF), on the
other hand, can sometimes limit diversity by recommending movies that are
too similar in terms of metadata.
• The Hybrid Model improved recommendation diversity by combining these
two approaches. For example, if CF suggested popular mainstream movies,
CBF added more variety by recommending lesser-known but thematically
similar films based on genres or cast.
• Content Variety: The hybrid system increased the variety of movies
recommended to users by about 20%, especially for users who had a diverse
range of preferences or were open to discovering new genres.
• This combination ensured that users did not see repetitive recommendations
and had a better chance of discovering new and relevant content.

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• Challenges faced
• Despite its advantages, the hybrid system faced a few challenges:
• Data Sparsity: When there was insufficient user interaction data or when
movie metadata was incomplete, the hybrid system struggled to make
high-quality recommendations.
• Complexity: The hybrid model’s complexity increased, requiring more
computational resources and tuning than simpler models. Balancing
between CF and CBF models required significant effort, and combining
their outputs was not always straightforward, especially in edge cases
where user preferences conflicted with movie metadata.
• Interpretability: Hybrid systems are harder to interpret than standalone
models. For instance, explaining why a particular movie was recommended
(whether it was due to similar users or similar content) became more
difficult, which could affect user trust in the system.

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 Conclusion
The Hybrid Recommender System demonstrated clear advantages over traditional
single-method approaches, particularly in terms of accuracy, handling cold-start
problems, and increasing recommendation diversity. While there were challenges
related to computational complexity and interpretability, the overall improvement in
user satisfaction and engagement suggests that hybrid systems offer a more
comprehensive and user-friendly solution for movie recommendation platforms.

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 Future Work
While the hybrid recommender system combining collaborative and content-based filtering
showed promising results, several areas of improvement and exploration remain. Below are
potential directions for future work:
1. Deep Learning Models: Incorporating deep learning models like Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) or
Deep Learning for Content-Based Systems could further improve recommendation accuracy. Neural
networks can better capture complex relationships between users and movies, particularly in large
datasets with intricate patterns.
2. Contextual Information: Extend the system to include contextual factors like time of day, location, user
mood, or device type. Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS) can improve the relevance of
recommendations by considering these situational factors. For example, different movies might be
recommended based on whether the user is watching alone or with family, or during the weekend versus a
weekday.
3. Real-Time Personalization: Implement real-time personalization, where recommendations adapt
dynamically as the user interacts with the platform (e.g., changing recommendations based on current
session data, browsing behavior, or recent movie views).

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 References
[1] MD Rokibul Hasan MBA, PMP, CSM1 ✉ and Janatul Ferdous MSc2 , by JCS Technology studies in
(2024Jan )
[2] Gaurav Srivastav, Sargam Maurya, Tanisha Tripathi, Tushar Narula, “Movie Recommendation System
Using Cosine Similarity and KNN”, June 2020.
[3] Aishwarya P, Anup Jung Shah, and Ashrita Kashyap, “A Movie Recommender System: MOVREC using
Machine Learning Techniques”, 2020.
[4] Kumar, M., Yadav, D. K., Singh, A., & Gupta, V. K. (2015). A movie recommender system: Movrec.
International journal of computer applications, 124(3), 7-11
[5] Munoz-Organero, Mario, Gustavo A. Ramíez-González, Pedro J. Munoz-Merino, and Carlos Delgado
Kloos.
"A Collaborative Recommender System Based on Space-Time Similarities", IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2010
[6] R. E. Nakhli, H. Moradi, and M. A. Sadeghi, “Movie Recommender System Based on Percentage of View,”
In 2019 5th Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), pp. 656-660, IEEE.
[7] G. Wang, “Survey of personalized recommendation system,” Computer Engineering & Applications, 2012.
[8] Peng, Xiao, Shao Liangshan, and Li Xiuran. "Improved Collaborative Filtering Algorithm in the Research
and Application of Personalized Movie.
[9] Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative Filtering, 978-1-5386-65657118/2018 IEEE.
[10] Sharma, M., & Mann, S. (2013). A survey of recommender systems: approaches and limitations.
International journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2(2), 8-14.

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