Management Information Systems:

Managing the Digital Firm

Chapter 7
Telecommunications, the Internet,
and Wireless Technology

Slide in this Presentation Contain Hyperlinks.

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 Learning Objectives
7.1 What are the principal components of
telecommunications networks and key networking
technologies?
7.2 What are the different types of networks?
7.3 How do the Internet and Internet technology work, and
how do they support communication and e-business?
7.4 What are the principal technologies and standards for
wireless networking, communication, and Internet
access?
7.5 How will M I S help my career?
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 VIDEO CASES
• Case 1: Telepresence Moves out of the Boardroom and
into the Field
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbYrDPCcXZo&t=11s
• Case 2: Virtual Collaboration with I B M Sametime
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_tnhzRC3Jw&t=22s

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 The National Hockey League Scores with
Wireless Technology (1 of 2)
• Problem:
– Challenging sport to track
– Opportunities from new technology
• Solutions:
– Adopt digital strategy
– Select wireless technology
– Revise game tracking process
– Wireless sensors
– OASIS software
– Cameras
– Antennae
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 The National Hockey League Scores with
Wireless Technology (2 of 2)
• Puck and Player Tracking System
• Demonstrates illustrates some of the powerful capabilities
and opportunities provided by contemporary networking
technology
• Illustrates the ability of IT systems to expand fan base and
deepen fan engagement by taking advantage of
opportunities presented by wireless networking technology
and the Internet of Things (IoT)
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 Networking and Communication Trends
• Convergence:
– Telephone networks and computer networks converging into
single digital network using Internet standards
• Broadband:
– Majority of U.S. households have high-speed broadband
• Broadband wireless:
– Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place
over broadband wireless platforms

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 What Is a Computer Network?
• Two or more connected computers
• Major components in simple network:
– Client and server computers
– Network interfaces (NIC s)
– Connection medium
– Network operating system (NO S)
– Hubs, switches, routers
• Software-defined networking (SD N):
– Functions of switches and routers managed by central
program
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Figure 7.1 Components of a Simple
Computer Network

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 Networks in Large Companies
• Large number of local area networks (LAN s) linked to
firmwide corporate networks
• Various powerful servers:
– Website, corporate intranet, extranet
– Backend systems
• Mobile wireless LAN s (Wi-Fi networks)
• Videoconferencing system
• Telephone network, wireless cell phones
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Figure 7.2 Corporate Network Infrastructure

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Key Digital Networking Technologies
(1 of 3)
• 1. Client/server computing:
– Distributed computing model
– Clients linked through network controlled by network server
computer
– Server sets rules of communication for network and provides
every client with an address so others can find it on the network
– Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing
– The Internet: largest implementation of client/server computing

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Key Digital Networking Technologies
(2 of 3)
• 2. Packet switching:
– Method of slicing digital messages into parcels
(packets), sending packets along different
communication paths as they become available, and
then reassembling packets at destination
– Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly
of complete point-to-point circuit
– Packet switching more efficient use of network’s
communications capacity
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Figure 7.3 Packet-Switched Networks
and Packet Communications

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Key Digital Networking Technologies
(3 of 3)
• 3. TCP /IP and connectivity:
– Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information between
two points
– Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP /I P):
 Common worldwide standard that is basis for the Internet
– Department of Defense reference model for TCP /I P:
 Four layers:
– Application layer
– Transport layer
– Internet layer
– Network interface layer
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Figure 7.4 The Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (T C P/I P)
Reference Model

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 Types of Networks
• Signals: Digital versus analog:
– Modem: translates digital signals into analog form (and vice
versa)
• Types of networks:
– Local area networks (LAN s):
 Ethernet
 Client/server vs. peer-to-peer
– Wide area networks [Broad Geographic Distances] (WAN s)
– Metropolitan area networks (MAN s)
– Campus area networks (CAN s)
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Figure 7.5 Functions of the Modem

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 Transmission Media and Transmission Speed
• Physical transmission media:
– Twisted pair wire (CAT5 and CAT6)
– Coaxial cable
– Fiber optics cable
– Wireless transmission media and devices:
 Satellites
 Cellular systems
• Bandwidth: Transmission speed:
– Bits per second (bp s)
– Hertz [# of c.p.s. that can be sent thru a medium]
– Bandwidth [Width of a frequency range]
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 What Is the Internet?
• The Internet:
– World’s most extensive network
– Internet service providers (ISP s):
 Provide connections
 Types of Internet connections:
– Dial-up: 56.6 Kbp s
– Digital subscriber line (DS L/FIO S): 385 Kbp s –100+ Mbp s
– Cable Internet connections: 20–100 Mbp s
– Satellite
– T1/T3 lines: 1.54 Mbps/45 Mbp s

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Internet Addressing and Architecture
• Each device on Internet assigned an Internet Protocol (I P)
address
• 32-bit number, e.g. 207.46.250.119
– NOW: ipv6 [128-bit system]
• The Domain Name System (DN S) [Next Slide]:
– Converts IP addresses to domain names
– Hierarchical structure
– Top-level domains

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Figure 7.6 The Domain Name System

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Internet Architecture and Governance
• Network service providers:
– Own trunk lines (high-speed backbone networks)
• Regional telephone and cable T V companies:
– Provide regional and local access
• Professional organizations and government bodies
establish Internet standards:
– IA B
– I CAN N
– W3 C
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Figure 7.7 Internet Network Architecture

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The Future [CURRENT] Internet: I Pv 6 and Internet 2
• IPv 6:
– New addressing scheme for I P numbers
– Provides more than a quadrillion new addresses
– Not compatible with earlier IPv4 addressing
• Internet 2:
– Advanced networking consortium:
 Universities, businesses, government agencies, other
institutions
– Developed high-capacity 100 Gbp s testing network
– Testing leading-edge new technologies for Internet
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Internet Services and Communication
Tools (1 of 2)
• Internet services:
– E-mail
– Chatting and instant messaging
– Newsgroups
– Telnet
– File Transfer Protocol (FT P)
– World Wide Web [A system with universally accepted
standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying
information in a networked environment.]
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Internet Services and Communication
Tools (2 of 2)
• Voice over IP (VoIP):
– Digital voice communication using I P, packet switching
• Unified communications:
– Communications systems that integrate voice, data,
e-mail, conferencing
• Virtual private network (VP N):
– Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet
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Figure 7.8 Client/Server Computing
on the Internet

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Figure 7.9 How Voice over IP Works

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Figure 7.10 A Virtual Private Network
Using the Internet

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 Interactive Session: Management:
Monitoring Employees on Networks:
Unethical or Good Business?
• Class discussion
– Should managers monitor employee e-mail and Internet
usage? Why or why not?
– Describe an effective e-mail and web use policy for a
company.
– Should managers inform employees that their web
behaviour is being monitored? Or should managers monitor
secretly? Why or why not?
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 The Web
• Hypertext:
– Hypertext Markup Language (HTM L)
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTT P):
– Uniform resource locator (UR L):
 http://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.
html
• Web servers:
 Software for locating and managing web pages

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Searching for Information on the Web
• Search engines
• Mobile search
• Semantic search and predictive search
• Visual search
• Intelligent agent shopping bots
• Search engine marketing
• Search engine optimization (SE O)
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Figure 7.11 Top Desktop/Laptop Web
Search Engines Worldwide

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Figure 7.12 How Google Works

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 Sharing Information on the Web
• Blogs and microblogs
• RSS [Pulls content from Web sites & feeds to subscribers]
• Wikis [May add, delete, or modify content]
• Social networking

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 The Future Web
• More tools to make sense of trillions of pages on the
Internet
• Pervasive web [See note]
• Internet of Things (I o T)
• App Internet
• Increased cloud computing and Saa S
• Ubiquitous mobile connectivity
• Greater seamlessness of web as a whole

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 Interactive Session: Technology: The
Internet of Things Aids Waste
Management
• Class discussion
– Identify the problem described in the case study. Is it a management
problem, an organizational problem, or a technology problem? Explain
your answer.
– What role has information technology and the IoT played in helping cities
deal with their waste management problems? Describe the IT applications
that are being used for this purpose.
– How successful are these IT applications as a solution? Explain your
answer.

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 Cellular Systems (1 of 2)
• Competing standards:
– CDM A : United States only [Strength is its efficiency]
 Verizon, Sprint
– G S M : Rest of world [Strength is international roaming]
 A T&T, T-Mobile

• Third-generation (3G) networks:

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 Cellular Systems (2 of 2)
• Fourth-generation (4G) networks:
– Up to 100 Mbps
– Suitable for Internet video
– LT E and WiMax
• 5G Networks:
– Gigabit capacity
– Starting to be launched by AT&T, Verizon, and other
carriers

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 Wireless Computer Networks and
Internet Access (1 of 2)
• Bluetooth (802.15):
– Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-based
eter

communication
– Useful for personal networking (P AN s)
• Wi-Fi (802.11):
– Set of standards: 802.11
– Used for wireless L A N and wireless Internet access
– Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter for
connecting wireless devices to a wired L A N
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 Wireless Computer Networks and
Internet Access (2 of 2)
– Hotspots: one or more access points in public place to
provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
– Weak security features
• W i Max (802.16):
– Wireless access range of 31 miles
– Require W iM ax antennas

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Figure 7.13 A Bluetooth Network (P A N)

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Figure 7.14 An 802.11 Wireless L A N

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 RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks
(I of 3)
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):
– Use tiny tags with microchips containing data about an item
and location; tag antennas to transmit radio signals over
short distances to special RFI D readers
– Common uses: Automated toll-collection; tracking goods
in a supply chain
– Reduction in cost of tags making RFI D viable for many firms

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Figure 7.15 How R F I D Works

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 • RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks
(2 of 3)
• Near field communication (NFC):
– RFID-related technology that uses very short-range wireless
connectivity standard
– Used by tap-and-go services such as Apple Pay, Google
Pay

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 RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks
(3 of 3)
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs):
– Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected
wireless devices used to monitor building security, detect
hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental
changes, traffic, or military activity
– Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio
frequency sensors and antennas
– Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to
endure in the field without maintenance
– Major sources of big data. Also fuel the Internet of Things
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Figure 7.16 A Wireless Sensor Network

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