Course 022: Education, Health, and

Development
Lecture 01
Introduction to Education
 Written Assignment
National Education Policy 2010 Deadline: 30/09/24
• Download Link:
https://moedu.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/moedu.portal.gov
Word Limit: 10000
.bd/page/ad5cfca5_9b1e_4c0c_a4eb_fb1ded9e2fe5/National%20Educ
ation%20Policy-English%20corrected%20_2_.pdf (3000+2000+3000+2000)
• Education Policy - Excellent on paper, an article by Md Shahnawaz
Khan Chandan.
https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/25th-anniversary-special-p
art-3/education-policy-excellent-paper-211432

2011

2010

National Health Policy 2011

• Download Link:
http://www.mohfw.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=arti
cle&id=74&Itemid=92

• Hits and misses of Bangladesh National Health Policy 2011, a paper

by Munzur-E- Murshid and Mainul Haque.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373115/
  Education is the most used and most familiar
term in most of the countries around the world.
 The concept of education has become multi-
dimensional due to the difference in the views,
Introducti perspectives, and decision-making of different
on educationists. The educationists never reached
any consensus about the concept.
 Gradually, the concept of education has
become closely aligned with different social
elements.

Lecture by A H M Nahid
  Generally, what a person learns is defined as
‘education’. From this perspective, it can be said that
the evolution of education has happened in line
with the biological, psychological, social etc.
Definition evolution of humans.
 Over the years, education has also become a
of propaganda while it is related to human moral
Education values.
 Some parts of education is universal, but based on
different ages and societies, the definition and aim
of education has also come out as different in
themselves.
  Some say, the word education comes from –
1) Latin word ‘Educare’, which means to lead out
or to draw out someone/ something.
Definition 2) Latin word ‘Educere’, which indicates towards
bringing up or training or moulding
of someone/something.
3) Latin word ‘Educo’, where ‘e’ means ‘out’ and
Education ‘duco’ means ‘to lead’. So, from this
perspective, education means leading
[Cont.] something/ someone out.
So, based on these literal meanings, amplifying or
developing someone/something’s innate intelligence
and/ or capabilities is called education.
 1) According to ancient Indian philosophy,
education is a way of gaining self-confidence,
learning to sacrifice thyself, and getting the
ultimate independence (Mokhsh).
2) “Education makes a man self-confident and
Definition 3)
encourages self-practice.” – (Rigveda)
“Education is a kind of process where the
of ultimate goal is to achieve freedom.”-
(Upanishads)
Education 4) Philosopher Kanada saw education as means to
achieve self-gratification.
(in Ancient 5) Sage Jaggobalkya defined education as a way of
human character formation and making a
India) 6)
human ready for the society.
Chanakya and Kautilya identified education as
training to serve the nation.
7) Shankaracharya said, “education is only a way of
self-realization.’
  “The main theme of pedagogy is that education will create a
gentleman possessing a glorious character with many values
and s/he will overcome inferiority while searching for truth.” -

Definition
Chinese philosopher Confucius
 In ancient Greece –

of 1) Sophists identified the main goal of education is to be

‘the improvement and development of humans’.

Education 2) Socrates and Plato, in their pedagogy, emphasized on

personal liberty. They identified education as a way of
integrating honesty and sense of Justice in humans.
(in China- 3) The goal of Platonic pedagogy was to create some
persons who will be highly devoted to ensure justice
Greece- 4)
and welfare in the society.
The aim of Aristotle’s Pedagogy was to make citizens

Rome) able and aware according to their capability and merit.

 Ancient Romans, based on reality, tried to create citizens who
were loyal to the state and possessed moral values.
 “Though himself unlettered Muhammad
(sm.) was the first to realize the necessity of
literacy. He made the pursuit of knowledge
Definition incumbent upon his followers, irrespective
of rank and sex. He regarded the acquisition
of of knowledge as a religious necessity… “The
Education ink of scholar is holier than the blood of a
martyr”. “Pursue knowledge though it is be
(in Muslim in China.”…” (Rahman: 1963:70)

Age)  The Muslim contribution in pedagogy

was very unique.
 1) “Education means the process of development in which
consists the passage of the human body from infancy to
maturity the process whereby he gradually adapts himself in
various ways to the physical, social, and spiritual
environment.” (Raymont, 1963)
2) “Education is the influence exercised by adult generation on

Definition those who are not yet ready for social life. Its object is to
arouse and to develop in children those physical, intellectual
and moral states which are required of them both by their
of society as a whole and by the milieu for which they are
especially destined.” (Durkheim, 1956)

Education 3) “Education is not a preparation of life, rather it is living.”

(Dewey, 1916)

(in Modern 4) “Education is the single most critical element in combatting,

empowering women, protecting children from hazardous and
Age) exploitive labor, sexual exploitation and promoting human
right and democracy.” (Hossain, 1999)
5) “Education is organized and sustained instruction designed to
communicate a combination of knowledge, skills and
understanding values for all the activities of life.” (UNESCO,
2002)
 Four Pillars of
Education
 According to International Commission
Report (1997) (Delors Commission),
education throughout life is based on four
pillars –
1) Learning to know;
2) Learning to do;
3) Learning to live together; and
4) Learning to be.

Lecture by A H M Nahid
Characteristics of Education
A. In a broad sense -
1. Education is life-long process.
2. Education is a human effort.
3. Ultimate goal of education is to develop human life.
4. Education is social process.
5. Education is the solution of real-life problems.
6. Education is social reformation.
7. Education is a goal-oriented process.
8. Education is direction.
9. Education is reformation and regeneration of experiences.
10. Education is maintenance of consistency.
Lecture by A H M Nahid
Characteristics of Education
(Cont.)
B. In a narrow sense -
1. Knowledge acquired in educational institutions is education.
2. The teacher-student relation is a giver-taker type relation.
3. Education is a structured process.
4. Education is based on demand, interest, and ability.
5. The aim of Education is to achieve goals.
6. Education is organization-centric.

Lecture by A H M Nahid
 1. Utilitarian
2. Knowledge-acquisition
3. Creation of cultured humans
4. Development of morality and human character
Aim of 5. Complete life-style orientation (Herbert Spencer)

Education 6.
7.
Spiritual Development
Proper leisure and co-curricular activities
8. Personal Development
9. Development of Social skills
10. Creation of global brotherhood
 1. Informal Education: “the process by which an
individual imbibes attitudes, cultivates values,
develops skills, acquires knowledge without
there being any organization or system about it.”
(Rahman, 1987)

Types of 2. Formal Education: “Formal Education refers to

the highly institutionalized, chronologically

Educatio graded and hierarchically structured education

system spanning lower primary school and the
upper reaches of the university.” (Coombs and
n 3.
Ahmed, 1974)
Non-formal Education: “Non-formal education
denotes any deliberately organized systematic
educational activity outside the graded age-
specific and certificate-oriented, time-bounded
formal system.” (Rahman, 1987)
 Individual
Work
Implication (sector-
specific) of Education

Lecture by A H M Nahid
 1. Student;

Elements 2. Teacher;
3. Curriculum;
of 4. Environment – both physical and social;
Education 5. Family; and
6. Institution.

Lecture by A H M Nahid
 Brain- 1. What is the importance of
education?
storming 2. Why do we need to study
education in development
Exercise studies?

Lecture by A H M Nahid
Reference

শিক্ষাবিজ্ঞান ও
বাংলাদেশে শিক্ষা
লেখকঃ ডঃ আব্দুল মালেক,
ডঃ মরিয়ম বেগম, ডঃ ফখরুল
ইসলাম ও শেখ শাহবাজ
রিয়াদ

Lecture by A H M Nahid