Scribd
Upload
10 views

Module 1 Electric Charge

The document discusses electric charge, outlining its types—positive and negative—and the laws governing charges. It explains the function of an electroscope for detecting electric charges and introduces Coulomb's Law, detailing the relationship between electric force, charge, and distance. Additionally, it covers electric fields, their strength, and provides examples to illustrate calculations related to electric force and flux.

Uploaded by

Jazel Mae Dannog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Module 1 Electric Charge

The document discusses electric charge, outlining its types—positive and negative—and the laws governing charges. It explains the function of an electroscope for detecting electric charges and introduces Coulomb's Law, detailing the relationship between electric force, charge, and distance. Additionally, it covers electric fields, their strength, and provides examples to illustrate calculations related to electric force and flux.

Uploaded by

Jazel Mae Dannog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

ELECTRIC CHARGE

Subtitle
THE STRUCTURE of
A
T
O
M
ELECTRIC CHARGE

•is the amount of charge that is


“on” or “carried by” a particle
determines how the particle
reacts to electric fields.
TWO KINDS OF CHARGE
1. Positively charge.
• A material is a positive charge if it lacks
electrons. When a material losses
electrons, leaving more protons, it
becomes positively charge. The number
of protons exceeded the number of
electrons
2. Negatively charge.
• When a material gains electrons, it
becomes negatively charge due to
excess number of electrons. The
number of electrons is more than
the number of protons
LAWS OF CHARGES
LAWS OF CHARGES
LAWS OF CHARGES
ELECTROSCOPE
• is a device that detects the presence of
electric charges on objects. It is a made of a
small compartment mostly made of glass (a
glass jar, for example) with a metal rod
inserted into it through an insulator cap.
Detecting charge by an electroscope
• The end of the rod that is inside the compartment has two
small metal foils (aluminum , gold, or another metal)
hinged to it that are free to open up like the wings of a
butterfly. The outer end is connected to a metal sphere or
a pan. When a charged object (no matter positive or
negative) is brought into contact with the outer sphere or
pan, some of the charges get transferred to the foils via the
metal rod. The foils become charged up with like charges
that repel each other causing the foils to separate and
open up.
CHARGING THE ELECTROSCOPE
ELECTRIC FIELDS AND ELECTRIC FORCE
• In the SI system of units, electric charge is measured in coulombs (C) in

• honor of French physicist Charles de Coulomb. The charge on a single


electron is
• electron charge, -e = -1.60 x 10-19C
• proton charge, +e = +1.60 x 10-19C
Title and content layout with list
• Add your first bullet point here

• Add your second bullet point here

• Add your third bullet point here


• Charles Coulomb first described electric field
strengths in the 1780's. Using a device called the
torsion balance, he found that for point charges,
the electrical force varies directly with the
product of the charges. In other words, the
greater the charges, the stronger the field. And
the field varies inversely with the square of the
distance between the charges. This means that
the greater the distance, the weaker the force
becomes. That is Coulomb’s Law, in equation,
• where:

• F – force between charges expressed in Newtons (N)


• q1 and q2 – point charges expressed in coulomb (C)
• r – distance between the two charges expressed in meter (m)
• k = 9 x 109 N.m2/C2
Example 1. A point charge q1 has a magnitude of 2 x
10-6C. A second charge q2 has a magnitude twice as
the first point charge and is located 0.1 m from the
first charge. Determine the electrostatic force each
charge exerts on the other.
Example 2. Two identical particles of charge 5 x
10-6 C are separated by a distance, d, as shown in
the figure below. What is the net force on the
third charge q3 placed between these two
charges?

• The net force on q3 is equal to the sum of the forces from charges q1 and q2. Since

• the charges are identical, both charges exert an equal force to q3, therefore,

• F = F1 + (-F2) = 0
ELECTRIC FIELDS
• Whenever you have a charge Q placed
anywhere in space, it will be
surrounded by a region such that if you
will put any other charge q at any point
P in this region, the charge q will be
acted upon by an electric force F. We call
this region around Q the electric field E
of Q.
The strength of the electric field is operationally defined as the ratio
of the electric force F to the charge q placed at that point in the field.
In symbols,

• where:

• E – is electric field expressed in N/C

• F – is the electric force due to the charge expressed in newton, N

• q – is the charge within the electric field expressed in coulomb, C


Example 1. A charge of 3.0 µC present
in an electric field produces a force of
0.08N. What is the intensity of the
electric field?
Example 2. A charge of 0.000025 C is
placed in an electric field whose
intensity is 8.0 x 106 N/C. How strong
is the force acting on the charge?
• Given: q = 0.0025C

• E = 8.0 x 106 N/C

• F=?

• E = Fq = (8.0 x 106 N/C)(0.000025 C) = 200 N


Example 3. Determine the charge of a
point charge in an electric field of 6.5
x 103 N/C and experienced an
electric force of 4 x 10-2 N
Electric Field of a Dipole
Example 1:

Find the magnitude


and direction of the
total electric field at
the origin of the
coordinate system
due to the two point
charges, q1 and q2.
The two charges are
located at the x-y
coordinate
position of (0.0, -2.0
cm) and (+4.00 cm,
0.0), respectively, as
shown in the figure.
Example 1:
Example 1:

Find the magnitude and


direction of the total
electric field at the origin
of the coordinate system
due to the two point
charges, q1 and q2. The
two charges are located
at the x-y coordinate
position of (0.0, -2.0 cm)
and (+4.00 cm, 0.0),
respectively, as shown in
the figure.
The arrows representing the two vectors form a right triangle and
the vector sum can be
determined using the Pythagorean Theorem:
Electric Flux
•The total number of electric field
lines passing a given area in a
unit time is defined as the
electric flux. Electric flux is the
amount of electric field
penetrating a surface area.
Example 1. A uniform electric field E = 6 000 N/C passing
through a flat square
area A = 8 m2. Calculate the electric flux.

You might also like