CIVILIZATIONS

IN
NORTH
ASIA
PREPARED BY: GROUP 4
• A civilizationis a complex human society, usually made up
of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and
technological development. In many parts of the world,
early civilizations formed when people began coming
together in urban settlements.
• North Asiaor Northern Asia, also referred to as Siberia, is
the northern region of Asia, which is defined in
geographical terms. It is solely administrated by Russia;
and consists of the Russian regions east of the Ural
Mountains: Ural, Siberia and the Russian Far East. North
Asia is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to its north, by
Eastern Europe to its west, by Central and East Asia to its
south, and by the Pacific Ocean and North America to its
east. .
• North Asia is a fossil fuel machine. The land holds
the world's largest natural gas reserves, the
second-largest coal reserves, and the eighth-
largest oil reserves. Over 55% of the region's
energy comes from natural gas and just over one
tenth of the land is cultivated.
EMERGENCE OF
WARRIOR
ORGANIZATIONS
REPORTERS: WENDELL ADDUN & MARY GRACE LIQUIRAN
 THE SAMURAI
1. The samurai (or bushi) were
the warriors of premodern
Japan. They later made up
the ruling military class that
eventually became the
highest ranking social caste
of the Edo Period (1603-
1867). Samurai employed a
range of weapons such as
bows and arrows, spears and
guns, but their main weapon
and symbol was the sword.
• Samurai were supposed to lead their lives
according to the ethic code of bushido ("the way of
the warrior"). Strongly Confucian in nature, bushido
stressed concepts such as loyalty to one's master,
self discipline and respectful, ethical behavior.
Many samurai were also drawn to the teachings
and practices of Zen Buddhism.
THE MONGOL MILITAR TACTICS
2. The Mongol military tactics
and organization enabled the
Mongol Empire to conquer
nearly all of continental Asia,
along with parts of the Middle
East and Eastern Europe. In
the early thirteenth century,
Mongol armies from North
Asia gain control of Islamic
territories, and by 1271 China,
too, has succumbed to
Mongol rule, with the capital
city relocated at Beijing.
• Mongol warrior on horseback, preparing a mounted
archery shot.
• Thatsystem was founded originally on the
expansion of the nomadic lifestyle of the Mongols.
Other elements were invented by Genghis Khan,
his generals, and his successors. Technologies
useful for attacking fortifications were adapted from
other cultures. Foreign technical experts were
integrated into the command structure. In many
cases, the Mongols defeated significantly larger
armies.
BOGATYR OR VITYAZ
3. A bogatyr or vityaz is a stock character in medieval
East Slavic legends, akin to a Western European
knight-errant. Bogatyrs appear mainly in Rus' epic
poems—bylinas. Historically, they came into existence
during the reign of Vladimir the Great (Grand Prince of
Kiev from 980 to 1015) as part of his elite warriors
(druzhina), akin to Knights of the Round Table.
Tradition describes bogatyrs as warriors of immense
strength, courage and bravery, rarely using magic
while fighting enemies in order to maintain the "loosely
based on historical fact" aspect of bylinas.
• They are characterized as
having resounding voices, with
patriotic and religious pursuits,
defending Rus' from foreign
enemies (especially nomadic
Turkic steppe-peoples or
Finno-Ugric tribes in the period
prior to the Mongol invasions)
and their religion.In modern
Russian, the word bogatyr
labels a courageous hero, an
athlete or a physically strong
man.
TERRACOTTA WARRIORS
4. The First Emperor
• Qin Shihuang (259-210 B.C.E.) conquered much in this life, but
his driving purpose was even greater; he sought to conquer
death. In order to achieve immortality, he built himself a tomb—
a vast underground city guarded by a life-size terracotta army
including warriors, infantrymen, horses, chariots and all their
attendant armor and weaponry.
• The underground terracotta army found in the First Emperor’s
burial complex is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable and
mysterious discoveries from the ancient world. A sprawling
citadel has been unearthed, complete with gardens and
stables, bronze ritual vessels, jade jewelry, and a wealth of gold
and silver ornaments.
• One of the most extraordinary features of
the terracotta warriors is that each appears
to have distinct features—an incredible
feat of craftsmanship and production.
Despite the custom construction of these
figures, studies of their proportions reveal
that their frames were created using an
assembly production system that paved
the way for advances in mass production
and commerce.
• Archaeologists estimate that the objects,
including figures, horses, and weapons,
number in the thousands, though the true
total may never be known.
THE HUNS OR
HSIUNG NUS
REPORTER: JUVELLE LOMIBAO
INTRODUCTIONS
• The
Huns were a race of largely
nomadic peoples who were a part of the
Hunnic tribes of Central Asia namely in
today`s MONGOLIAN TERRITORY.
 Huns
• Whoterrorized much of
Europe and the Roman
Empire.
• They were impressive
horsemen best known
for their astounding
military achievement.
• Theywere expert archers
who used reflex bows
made of seasoned birch,
bone and glue
• Huns acquired a
reputation for being a
ruthless, indomitable
savages.
Early in the first century
• China`sgrowing weakness allowed the
Hsiung-nu tribes, having broken away, were
once more subjected to Chinese rule.
• No one knows where the Huns came from.
Some scholars believe they originated from
Nomad Xiongnu people who entered
historical record in 318 B.C.
• Terrorized China during the
QIN DYNASTY and during the
later HAN DYNASTY.
• THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
was built to help protect
against the mighty Xiongnu.
• The Nomadic tribe was
defeated by the Chinese
eventually and fell apart.
• Xiangnu/Huns lasted almost
Three hundred years.
THE MONGOLS
REPORTERS: JANELLE GUTIERREZ & ARIES MACAM
Who are the Mongols ?
• Nomadic people from the steppe
• They conquered and settled across Asia
• Built large unified land empire in the
world history
• Existed in the area of Mongolia
Lived as a Pastoralist
• Herders of domestic animals
• Often rode of horseback
• Formed clans or tribes.
A. THE MILITARY CAREER OF
GENGHIS KHAN
Genghis Khan
• Original
name Temujin, (born
1162, near Lake Baikal,
Mongolia—died August 18,
1227)
• Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of
the most famous conquerors of
history, who consolidated
tribes into a unified Mongolia
and then extended his empire
across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.
• Genghis Khan (known in Mongolia as Chinggis Khaan)
once ruled everything between the Pacific Ocean and
the Caspian Sea. Upon his death he asked to be
buried in secret. A grieving army carried his body
home, killing anyone it met to hide the route. When the
emperor was finally laid to rest, his soldiers rode 1,000
horses over his grave to destroy any remaining trace.
• In the 800 years since Genghis Khan’s death, no-one
has found his tomb.
• “They went through all that effort to hide his tomb,”
• This was a common sentiment. Mongolia is a
country of long traditions and deep pride. Many
families hang tapestries or portraits of the Grand
Khan. Some identify themselves as ‘Golden
Descendants’, tracing their ancestry to the royal
family. Throughout Mongolia, the warrior remains a
powerful icon.
• Genghis Khan is simply Mongolia’s greatest hero. The West
recalls only what he conquered, but Mongolians remember
what he created. His empire connected East and West,
allowing the Silk Road to flourish. His rule enshrined the
concepts of diplomatic immunity and religious freedom. He
established a reliable postal service and the use of paper
money. Genghis Khan didn’t just conquer the world, he
civilized it.
• • He remains to this day a figure of enormous respect ‒
which is why Mongolians like Uelun want his tomb to remain
undisturbed.
• “If they’d wanted us to find it, they would have left some
sign.”
• That is her final word.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Genghis Khan's conquests caused the deaths of
roughly 40 million people, especially impacting China
and the area that is now Iran.
• There is no artwork of Genghis Khan from his lifetime.
• Genghis
Khan created an international
communication and postal network known as the
"Yam."
EARLY LIFE
• Genghis Khan was born with the name Temujin (also
spelled Temuchin). At the time, Mongolia was ruled by
different clans and tribal groups.
• • His father, named Yesukai, “was lord and leader of
40,000 tents or families. Even his brothers, including
those senior to him, acknowledged him as their leader
and head of the Borjigin clan".
• • Temujin's mother, Hoelun, had been captured by his
father’s clan and forced to become Yesukai’s wife
(something that was common in Mongolia at the time).
• The boy was named Temujin to celebrate his father's
triumph over an enemy, also named Temujin,
• We know nothing of his early life “but it is reasonable
to suppose that as the years rolled by and childhood
turned into youth (he) was brought up in the hard and
harsh atmosphere of nomadic life, in which the tribal
lords and chiefs fought, drank, and duelled, married
and slept with their weapons underneath them — a
rigorous life in which chiefs shared the miseries,
hungers and privations of their people".
• Around the age of 9, Temujin was betrothed to
Börte, the 10-year-old daughter of Dai Sechen, the
leader of the Jungirat tribe.
RISE TO POWER
• Aftera few years, Temujin felt that he was strong
enough to return to Dai Sechen and take Borte’s
hand in marriage. He overestimated his own
strength, and Borte was kidnapped in a raid by a
tribe called the Merkit. Temujin had to seek out the
help of his friends Jamuqa and Toghrul (also called
the Ong Khan or Wang Khan) to free her (they were
both glad to help, as they hated the Merkit).
• Chinese historical sources say that at some point
Temujin was captured by the Jin Dynasty and was
held there for a number of years. Whether this is
accurate or not is unknown.
• In1206, Temujin had conquered most of Mongolia
and the remaining tribes were forced to
acknowledge him as their leader. He took the name
Genghis Khan (also spelled Chingiz Khan or
Tchingis Qaghan). The name has different
translations, one of them being “oceanic sovereign”.
BUILDING AN EMPIRE
• Inthe years after taking over Mongolia, Genghis Khan
would launch a successful campaign against the Jin
Dynasty, taking their capital Zhongdu (near modern-
day Beijing) in 1215. He then turned his attention to
the west, moving deeper and deeper into central Asia.
In 1219, he launched a successful campaign against
the shah of Khwarezm (based in modern-day Iran)
reportedly with an army of up to 200,000 men.
10 AMAZING FACTS ABOUT
GENGHIS KHAN
1. Genghis Khan started from humble
beginnings.
2. Genghis Khan may have been a Caucasian.
3. Genghis Khan did well to survive his youth.
4. Genghis Khan became the Khan (leader)
when he was 46.
5. Genghis Khan conquered much of northern
China and started the Yuan Dynasty.
6. Genghis Khan's empire was the biggest in world
history up to that time.
7. Genghis Khan is responsible for killing about 20 to
40 million people.
8. Genghis Khan is the ancestor of at least 0.5% of
the world's population.
9. Genghis Khan was lenient with his subjects.
10. Genghis Khan's grave remains unknown.
B. EXPANSION OF MONGOL
EMPIRE
• TheMongol Empire expanded through brutal raids
and invasions, but also established routes of trade
and technology between East and West.
• Atits peak, the Mongol Empire covered the most
contiguous territory in history. Led at first by Genghis
Khan, the empire lasted from 1206 until 1368. During
that time, it expanded to cover most of Eurasia,
thanks to advanced technology and a massive horde
of nomadic warriors.
• Mongol expansion into Central Asia began in 1209, as
the Mongols pursued tribal leaders who opposed
Genghis Khan's rise to power in Mongolia and thus
constituted a threat to his authority there. With their
victories, the Mongols gained new territory. Several
smaller polities such as the Uighurs of the Tarim Basin
also sought the protection of Genghis Khan as vassals.
Ultimately, the Mongols found themselves with a large
empire, now bordering not only the Chinese states but
also the Islamic world in Central Asia including the
Khwarazmian Empire, which spanned over portions of
Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, and part of modern Iraq
C. IMPACT OF MONGOL INVASION
Effects of the Mongol
Empire on Europe
Key Takeaways: Genghis Khan's Impact on Europe
• The spread of the bubonic plague from Central Asia into
Europe decimated the populations but increased
opportunities for the survivors.
• An enormous variety of new consumer goods, agriculture,
weaponry, religion, and medical science became available
in Europe.
• New diplomatic channels between Europe, Asia, and the
Middle East were opened.
• Russia became unified for the first time.
• In
1211, Genghis Khan (1167–1227) and his
nomadic armies burst out from Mongolia and swiftly
conquered most of Eurasia. The Great Khan died in
1227, but his sons and grandsons continued the
expansion of the Mongol Empire across Central
Asia, China, the Middle East, and into Europe.
• Starting
in 1236, Genghis Khan's third son, Ogodei,
decided to conquer as much of Europe as he could.
By 1240, the Mongols had control of what is now
Russia and Ukraine, seizing Romania, Bulgaria,
and Hungary over the next few years.
• The Mongols also tried to capture Poland and Germany,
but Ogodei's death in 1241 and the succession struggle
that followed distracted them from this mission. In the
end, the Mongols' Golden Horde ruled over a vast swath
of eastern Europe, and rumors of their approach
terrified western Europe, but they went no farther west
than Hungary.
• Attheir height, the rulers of the Mongol Empire
conquered, occupied, and controlled an area of 9 million
square miles. In comparison, the Roman Empire
controlled 1.7 million sq mi, and the British Empire 13.7
million sq mi, nearly 1/4 of the world's landmass.1
The Mongol Invasion of
Europe
• Reports of the Mongol attacks terrified Europe.
The Mongols increased their empire using swift and
decisive attacks with an armed and disciplined
cavalry. They wiped out the populations of some
entire towns that resisted, as was their usual policy,
depopulating some regions and confiscating the
crops and livestock from others. This type of total
warfare spread panic even among Europeans not
directly affected by the Mongol onslaught and sent
refugees fleeing westward.
•Perhaps even more importantly, the Mongol conquest of
central Asia and eastern Europe allowed a deadly disease—
the bubonic plague—to travel from its home range in
western China and Mongolia to Europe along newly-
restored trade routes.
• The bubonic plague was endemic to fleas that live on
marmots in the steppes of eastern central Asia, and the
Mongol hordes inadvertently brought those fleas across the
continent, unleashing the plague on Europe. Between 1300
and 1400, the Black Death killed between 25 and 66% of the
population in Europe, at least 50 million people. The plague
also affected northern African and large parts of Asia.
Positive Effects of the
Mongols
• Although the Mongol invasion of Europe sparked
terror and disease, in the long run, it had enormous
positive impacts. The foremost was what historians
call the Pax Mongolica, a century of peace (circa
1280–1360) among neighboring peoples who were
all under Mongol rule. This peace allowed for the
reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between
China and Europe, increasing cultural exchange
and wealth all along the trade paths.
• Central Asiawas a region that had always been
important to overland trade between China and the
West. As the region became stable under the Pax
Mongolica, trade became less risky under the
various empires, and as cross-cultural interactions
became more and more intensive and extensive,
more and more goods were traded.
 EFFECT OF MONGOLIA INVASION
on CHINA
POSITIVE:
• Facilitated the Europeans learning
about china’s advancement and
invention through trade.
• A period of Mongolian peace (Pax
Mongolica) led to “economic
growth, cultural diffusion, and
developments.
• They changed the system of
government.
NEGATIVE:
• First time china ruled by foreign power
• Invaded and killed many towns
• Took as much of china as they could
• killing of Chinese soldiers in Mongol wars
• Imposing foreign officials on them
Effect of Mongolia invasion on
RUSSIA
POSITIVE:
• Under Mongol rule some of
the most important work on
the churches of Moscow &
Novgorod
• Church became a power in its
own as it was exempted form
having to pay taxes
• Changed their art, religion,
political entities & government
NEGATIVE:
• Wiped out entire populations, depopulated some regions
• Confiscated crops and livestock
• Spread panic all over Europe
• Spread deadly disease, black plague
• Wiped one-third of Europe's population
THE OTTOMAN
TURKS
REPORTER: RUBY ANNE GARCIA
 OTTOMAN TURKS
• TheOttoman Turks or
Osmanlı Turks, were the
Turkish-speaking people of
the Ottoman Empire.
• Ottoman Empire- the
Turkish empire, established
in northern Anatolia by
Osman I at the end of the
13th century and expanded
by his successors
ERTUGRUL
• leader of the nomadic Kayı tribe.
• first established a principality as part of the decaying Seljuk empire.
OSMAN expanded the principality
• Europeans after him named the empire and the people “Ottomans” which is
derived from his name, Osman
ORHAN
• Osman’s son
1389-1402
• Sultan Bayezid doubled the Ottom’s land earning his nickname Thunderbolt.
• Thunderbolt failed to unite the early Ottoman Empire (Constantinople)
• Timur, defeated and captured Sultan Bayezid after the war in Ankara.
CIVIL WAR
• Bayezid’s son fought over succession
OTTOMAN INTERREGNUM
• Mehmed I (1453-1481) - ended the restored Ottoman’s power and
ended the civil war.
1430-1450- MURAD II
• recovered the lands they lost in the battle of Ankara
May 19, 1453
• Mehmed the Conqueror, son of Murad II, solved the Constantinople
issue
THE RISE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE
• The Ottoman Empire soared higher after they recovered the
Constantinople which is now known as, Istanbul. They
captured many countries in just a short period of time and
ruled over them.
1520-1566
• Sultan Suleiman the magnificent
• The Ottoman Empire reached it’s peak and glory
• Various of arts and literature started
• Won the battle of Mohacs in 1526
• TheOttoman Empire counted 15,000,000 people by the
end of the reign of Suleiman.
 The Fall of the Ottoman
Empire
1600
• The empire started to decline
• Austrian and Persian campaigns
• The conflict cause difficulties for them to maintain their defense
1912-1913- BALKAN WARS
• They lost almost all it’s European territories in the
FIRST WORLD WAR
• The Ottomans were defeated in October 1918
1922
• The title of the Sultan was officially eliminated
• Official end of the Ottoman Empire
October 29,1923
• The
remaining lands of Empire became the
Republic of Turkey under the Governance of
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
A. TAMERLANE AND HIS
ACHIEVEMENT
• Timur, was known by the Persians and the Europeans as Tamerlane, which
means Timur the Lame.
• Was a cattle thief as a youngster
• A member of the Chagatai Khanate army soon got promoted.
• Became an all-powerful Amir of his khanate.
• Timur helped the khan of Golden Horde against the Russians
• Invaded Persia
• Easily conquered Persia.
• Golden Horde attacked him but Timur easily won against them and occupied
Moscow.
• Timur conquered almost the whole of Persia and parts of Egypt, the
Ottomans and India. He was ruthless against the enemy and would often kill
most of the population of the conquered cities. He is believed to have wiped
out around 17 million people. During the last days of his reign, Timur was
preparing for invasion against China but fell ill and died before the attack
could take place.
RUSSIA
REPORTER: MYLENE GONZALES
DID YOU KNOW?
• BeforeRussia achieved its current state, it went
through a lot of intricate phases in the past. Various
states and civilizations were formed which paved the
way for the development and growth of Russia. From
the emergence of East Slavs, Kievan Rus’, to the rise
of Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia,
Russian Empire, Soviet Russia or Soviet Union until
it became the Russian Federation that we have
today.
FORMATION OF RUSSIA: A BRIEF HISTORY
 EAST SLAVS
• They are known as one of
Russia’s earliest inhabitant, the
Slavic peoples of Russia as a
group in Europe between the
3rd and 8th century AD but
weren't especially organized in
this period of time.
WRITING SYSTEM:
CYRILLIC ALPHABET
• The Cyrillic alphabet owes its name to
the 9th century Byzantine missionary
St. Cyril, who, along with his brother,
Methodius, created the first Slavic
alphabet in order to translate Greek
religious text to Slavic.
• It was used in the Kievan Rus’ since
10th century to write and became
the Russian alphabet. The modern
Russian alphabet consists of 33
letters. It has 20 consonants.
 KIEVAN RUS’
• This medieval state was
founded and ruled by a
Varangian warrior elite,
which arose in the 9th
century and ended after the
Mongol Invasion in 1237.
Rus was the name that the
Eastern Slavic inhabitants
gave to themselves and
their land, and Kiev was its
capital. This is where
Russia originated.
 RELIGION:
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY
• Christianity was apparently
introduced into the East Slavic
state of Kievan Rus’ by Greek
missionaries from Byzantine
empire n the 9th century.
• Orthodox teachings include the
doctrine of the Holy Trinity and
the inseparable but
distinguishable union of the two
natures of Jesus Christ--one
divine, the other human. Among
saints, Mary has a special place
as the Mother of God.
 FUN FACT!
• Modern Russia derives its
name from “Rus’,” a medieval
state populated primarily by
the East Slavs, the Kevian
Rus’, the ancestors of Russia,
Ukraine, and Belarus. The
name Rus’ comes from an Old
Norse word for ‘the men who
row.’
 MONGOL INVASION
(1237-1242)
• Thisinvasion, led by Batu
Khan, also known as Tsar
Batu (grandson of Genghis
Khan), facilitated the fall of
Kievan Rus' in the 13th
century, including the division
of the East Slavic people into
three separate nations:
modern-day Russia, Ukraine
and Belarus, and the rise of
the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
THE GRAND DUCHY OF MOSCOW
(1283-1547)
• The Grand Duchy of Moscow
or Grand Principality of
Muscovy was founded by
Daniel I of Moscow, was
ruled by the Rurik dynasty
and ended when Ivan IV
became the tsar.
IVAN III, THE GREAT
• Ivan III, the Great titled himself
as the Grand Prince of all Rus’.
• His 1480 victory over the
Mongol Empire began the
restoration of Russian
independence, 240 years after
the fall of Kiev to Mongols'
invasion, and by the end of his
rule in 1503 he tripled
Moscow's original lands.
• Ivanwas the first Russian ruler to call himself "tsar"
(emperor), albeit not official. He adopted the idea of
Moscow as Third Rome. His 43-year reign was one
of the longest in Russian history, second only to his
grandson Ivan IV.
 TSARDOM OF RUSSIA
(1547-1721)
• Tsardom of Russia was the
centralized Russian state
from the assumption of the
title of “tsar” by Ivan IV in
1547 until the foundation of
the Russian Empire by
Peter I in 1721.
 IVAN IV, THE TERRIBLE
• Ivan IV was the Grand Prince of
Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and
the first Tsar (emperor) of all
Rus’ from 1547 to 1584.
• He was appointed Grand
Prince when he was three
years old after his father's
death
• Althoughhis name’s extension is “terrible,” it does
not convey the modern connotations of the word
such as "defective" or "evil,” instead it means
"courageous, dangerous, powerful, magnificent,
magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people
in obedience.”
 RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1721-1917)
• The Russian Empire was a
historical empire, the third-
largest empire in history, that
extended across Eurasia and
North America from 1721. It
was ruled by Peter the Great
and moved the capital from
Moscow to the city of Saint
Petersburg, which featured
much Western design
 PETER THE GREAT
• Peter increased his own
power as absolute ruler in
Russia
• He modernized Russia’s
army by hiring European
officers- brought in
European tactics and
weapons
• By the end of his rule,
Russia was a power to be
reckoned with in Europe
• Efforts at westernization included:
• Started Russia’s first newspaper (edited the
first issue himself)
• Raised women’s status
• Advanced education
SOVIET RUSSIA (1917-1991)
• After
overthrowing the centuries-
old Romanov monarchy, Russia
emerged from a civil war in 1921
as the newly formed Soviet Union.
The world’s first Marxist-
Communist state would become
one of the biggest and most
powerful nations in the world,
occupying nearly one-sixth of
Earth’s land surface, before its fall
and ultimate dissolution in 1991
leading to the formation of today’s
Russian Federation.
RUSSIA or RUSSIAN FEDERATION
• Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse
of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the
preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet
Union), before it became an independent country
after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in
December 1991.
RUSSIA or the RUSSIAN FEDERATION is a transcontinental
country that straddles both Europe and Asia (EURASIA).

European Russia Asian Russia

This country is bordered by 14 countries: Azerbaijan,
Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway,
Poland, and Ukraine.
TIME ZONES IN RUSSIA spanning
11 out of the 24 time zones in the world.
POPULATION AND DENSITY
• Despite its large area,
Russia has a relatively
small population in
considering its size.
However, it still managed
to be the 9th most
populous country in the
world, as well as the most
populous country in
Europe.
• Asof April 7, 2021, the Russian Federation’s
current population is 145,982,329 as based on
United Nation’s latest data which is equivalent to
1.87% of the total world population
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
• The Russian landscape varies
from desert to frozen coastline,
tall mountains to giant
marshes. Much of Russia is
made up of rolling, treeless
plains called steppes. Siberia,
which occupies three-quarters
of Russia, is dominated by
sprawling pine forests called
taigas.
 LAKE LADOGA

• Russia has about 100,000

rivers, including some of the
longest and most powerful in
the world. It also has many
lakes, including Europe's LAKE ONEGA
two largest: Ladoga and
Onega. Lake Baikal in
Siberia contains more water
than any other lake on
Earth.
LAKE BAIKAL
COUNTRY’S PROFILE
• OFFICIAL NAME:
Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
(Russian Federation), or
Rossia (Russia)
• OFFICIAL LANGUAGE:
Russian
• CITIZENS: Russian
• CAPITAL: Moscow
• CURRENCY: Ruble (RUB)
• FORM OF
GOVERNMENT: Federal
republic Semi-presidential
system Constitutional republic

HEAD OF STATE
(President):
• Vladimir Putin

HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
(Prime Minister):
• Mikhail Mishustin
RELIGION

• 73% Christianity (70%

Russian Orthodox 3%
Christian)
• 15% No religion
• 10% Islam
• 2% others
 TRIVIA
• The climate of Russia has saved them from various
invasions in the past.
• Up until this day, Russians still use the Cyrillic Alphabet from
the Byzantine empire and became their official writing
system.
• Russians were able to preserve the Russian Orthodox
Christianity.
• Moscow has more billionaires per capita than anywhere else
in the world.
• Russians are taught not to smile in school.
• Siberia covers 77% of Russia’s territory, but is home to only
23% of the population.
 RUSSIA TODAY

ECONOMY
 Russia has a developed,
high-income market
economy. It has the 15th
largest economy in the
world.
NATURAL RESOURCES

 Russia's natural resources

is over 20% of the world's
reserves. It is ranked first
in the world by gas
reserves (32% of world's
reserves), the second in
oil production (10%), the
third in coal reserves. It
once became the richest
country in gold reserves.
HEALTH SYSTEM
 The Russian Constitution guarantees free,
universal health care for all of its citizens. Russia
has more physicians, hospitals and health care
workers than any other country in the world on a per
capita basis.

EDUCATION SYSTEM AND LITERACY

 Russia has the most college-level or higher
graduates in terms of percentage of population in
the world, at 54%. It offers free education, which is
guaranteed for all citizens.
CONCLUSION
• The history of Russia is a long complicated story that
tells the tale of one of the strongest nation in the
world. It should be noted that the ancient Russia is
often characterized by the strong rulers that presided
at the time, and the legacies they left that have
helped shape Russia. Russia's history is full of
revolutions, war, and changing governments. Each
generation was welcomed to a different Russia than
the previous one. Looking into Russia's past, it
becomes easy to see why Russia was in a state of
flux.
GROUP 4
MEMBERS:
WENDELL ADDUN
RUBY ANNE GARCIA
MYLENE GONZALES
JANELLE GUTIERREZ
MARY GRACE LIQUIRAN
JUVELLE LOMIBAO
ARIES MACAM