NETWORK DESIGN, CONFIGURATION

AND ADMINISTRATION

Adugna A.
ICT Director, Injibara University
E-mail: [email protected]
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?

 An IP address is a unique set of numbers assigned to each

Internet or network device. Learn if your IP is static, dynamic,
public, or private.
 IPV4 and IPV6

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 1

 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

 An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides

access to the internet.
 ISPs can provide this access through multiple means, including
dial-up, DSL, cable, wireless and fiber-optic connections.
 A variety of companies serve as ISPs, including cable providers,
mobile carriers, and telephone companies.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 2

 INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

 An internet service provider (ISP) is a

company that provides access to the internet.
 ISPs can provide this access through multiple
means, including dial-up, DSL, cable, wireless
and fiber-optic connections.
 A variety of companies serve as ISPs,
including cable providers, mobile carriers, and
telephone companies.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 3

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

 In Ethiopia internet service provider (ISP)

is EthioTelecom.
 Ex. 10.145.65.94/30

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 4

IHSBC LOCAL IP CALCULATION

• Given Network
Private ID IP (Network
starts ID):
with 0 in last bit 172.16.2.0/24
172.16.2.0 is the Network ID

How to calculate Subnet Mask?

Make it 24 bit for Network(1) bit and 8 bit for Host(0)
32-24=8

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 5

HOW TO CALCULATE SUBNET MASK ADDRESS?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
11111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1= network bit , 0= host bit

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 6

NETWORK AND HOST ADDRESS TO CALCULATE SUBNET
MASK :

/24 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 which is 32 bit

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Network(1) Host(0)

Make it 24 bit for network and 8 bit for host

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 7

SUBNET MASK :

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
 11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
 11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
 11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
 00000000=0x27+0x26+0x25+0x24+0x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 0
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 8

FIRST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS:

How to Calculate First host(PC) IP Address?

Steps 1: Two methods Apply here
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1st convert the Given IP address to binary digits
 172= 172/2=10101100 172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

 16= 16/2=00010000 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

 2= 2/2=00000010 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

 0=0/2=00000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 9

FIRST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS:

Step 2: Convert the Given IP Address to subnet mask.

So, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 previously calculated.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 10

FIRST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS:

Step 3: Sum up the converted IP Address and subnet mask by

using AND operator. 172=10101100
16=00010000
1+1=1 2= 00000010
1+0=0 0=00000000
Now add Network ID and subnet Mask by using AND operator
0+1=0 172.16.2.0= 10101100 .00010000.00000010.00000000
255.255.255.0= 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
0+0=0 ___________________________________________________
Network ID = 10101100 .00010000.00000010.00000000
So by adding one to the last host you can get the first host usable
address.
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 11
FIRST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS:

 Given IP Address + Subnet Mask = First host address

 Convert to binary 172.16.2.0 = 10101100 .00010000.00000010.00000000

Subnet Mask:
255.255.255.0= 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Use AND operator
First host address= 172.16.2.1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 12

LAST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS CALCULATION:

 Given IP Address + Subnet Mask = First host address

 Count the host bits=8 Formula , 2n = where n= host bits in the
network.
 2n , n= 8 because of 32-24=8
 28 =2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 256 total IP Address
 So, to calculate usable or valid hosts 2n – 2
2n – 2 = 28 – 2 =256-2=254 total usable or host IP Address range
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 13
LAST HOST(PC) IP ADDRESS CALCULATION:

 So the last host IP Address has a range of 254.

Last host address= 172.16.2.254
 Because of IP has a range of 0-255, 0 is for network ID and 255 is
broadcast address.
 In other method, to calculate last host address
 Broadcast address- 1= Last host address

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 14

HOW TO CALCULATE BROADCAST ADDRESS

 To calculate broadcast address use the following formula

 Last host address + 1 = broadcast address
 So, Last host address= 172.16.2.254+1=172.16.2.255
 Broadcast address= 172.16.2.255
 Next presentation how to calculate next Network ID address

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 15

HOW TO CALCULATE NEXT NETWORK ID ADDRESS

 To calculate next Network ID address address use the following

formula
 broadcast address + 1 = next Network ID
 So, broadcast address= 172.16.2.255 + 1=172.16.3.0
 Next Network ID address= 172.16.3.0/24

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 16

HOME ASSIGNMENT 1

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24

 Subnet Mask = ?
 First host IP address = ?
 Last host IP address = ?
 Broadcast address = ?
 Next Network ID address = ?

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 17

TO CALCULATE SUBNET MASK
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24
 First 32-24=8, that means No of Network portion(1) is 24 and No
of Host portion(0) is 8.
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
00000000=0x27+0x26+0x25+0x24+0x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 18
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24

 First convert to Network ID to binary digits
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172= 10101100
16= 00010000 172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

2= 00000010 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
65= 01000001
65 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 19

TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
First host address= Network ID AND Subnet mask address
USE AND OPERATOR(1+1=1 , otherwise 0)
172.16.2.65= 10101100. 00010000. 00000010. 01000001
255.255.255.0=11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
= 10101100.00010000.00000010.00000000
So, by adding one host to the end = 10101100.00010000.00000010.00000001
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 20
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 21

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 1: Formula , 2n = where n= host bits in the network.

 2n , n= 8 because of 32-24=8
 28 =2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 256 total IP Address
 So, to calculate usable or valid hosts 2n – 2
2n – 2 = 28 – 2 =256-2=254 total usable or host IP Address range
So, Last host address is 172.16.2.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 22

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 2: Last host address = Broadcast address -1

Last host address = 172.16.2.255-1
=
172.16.2.254
So, Last host address is 172.16.2.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 23

TO CALCULATE BROADCAST ADDRESS

Step 1: Broadcast address = Last host address +1

=
172.16.2.254+1
=
172.16.2.255
So, Broadcast address is 172.16.2.255
How to calculate the next Network ID of the network?
Next slide….
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 24
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/24
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1
 Last host address=172.16.2.254
 Broadcast address=172.16.2.255
To calculate the next Network ID of the network. We should be see
the Broadcast address of the network which is 172.16.2.255
IP range (0-255) it is full now So, make shift to the next subnet.
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 25
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS

 The Next Network ID address = 172.16.3.0/24

 So , repeat the previous steps here to clarify.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 26

HOME ASSIGNMENT 2

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23

 Subnet Mask = ?
 First host IP address = ?
 Last host IP address = ?
 Broadcast address = ?
 Next Network ID address = ?

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 27

TO CALCULATE SUBNET MASK
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23
 First 32-24=9, that means No of Network portion(1) is 23 and No
of Host portion(0) is 9.
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111110=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+0x20 = 254
00000000=0x27+0x26+0x25+0x24+0x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 28
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23

 First convert to Network ID to binary digits
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172= 10101100
16= 00010000 172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

2= 00000010 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0= 00000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 29

TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
First host address= Network ID AND Subnet mask address
USE AND OPERATOR(1+1=1 , otherwise 0)
172.16.2.65= 10101100. 00010000. 00000010. 01000001
255.255.254.0=11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
= 10101100.00010000.00000010.00000000
So, by adding one host to the end = 10101100.00010000.00000010.00000001
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 30
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 31

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 1: Formula , 2n = where n= host bits in the network.

 2n , n= 9 because of 32-23=9
 29 =2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 512 total IP Address
 So, to calculate usable or valid hosts 2n – 2
2n – 2 = 29 – 2 =512-2=510 total usable or host IP Address range
So, Last host address is 172.16.3.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 32

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 2: Last host address = Broadcast address -1

Last host address = 172.16.3.255-1
=
172.16.3.254
So, Last host address is 172.16.3.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 33

TO CALCULATE BROADCAST ADDRESS

Step 1: Broadcast address = Last host address +1

=
172.16.3.254+1
=
172.16.3.255
So, Broadcast address is 172.16.3.255
How to calculate the next Network ID of the network?
Next slide….
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 34
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1
 Last host address=172.16.3.254
 Broadcast address=172.16.3.255
To calculate the next Network ID of the network. We should be see
the Broadcast address of the network which is 172.16.3.255
IP range (0-255) it is full now So, make shift to the next subnet.
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 35
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS

 The Next Network ID address = 172.16.4.0/23

 So , repeat the previous steps here to clarify.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 36

HOME ASSIGNMENT 3

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/21

 Subnet Mask = ?
 First host IP address = ?
 Last host IP address = ?
 Broadcast address = ?
 Next Network ID address = ?

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 37

TO CALCULATE SUBNET MASK
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/21
 First 32-21=11, that means No of Network portion(1) is 21 and No
of Host portion(0) is 11.
11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111000=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 248
00000000=0x27+0x26+0x25+0x24+0x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 38
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/21

 First convert to Network ID to binary digits
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172= 10101100
16= 00010000 172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

2= 00000010 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0= 00000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 39

TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/21
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0
First host address= Network ID AND Subnet mask address
USE AND OPERATOR(1+1=1 , otherwise 0)
172.16.2.65= 10101100. 00010000. 00000010. 01000001
255.255.248.0=11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
Network ID= 10101100.00010000.0000000.00000000=172.16.0.0/21
So, by adding one host to the end = 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000001
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 40
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.0.0/21

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0
 First host address=172.16.0.1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 41

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 1: Formula , 2n = where n= host bits in the network.

 2n , n= 11 because of 32-21=11
 211 =2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 2048 total IP Address
 So, to calculate usable or valid hosts 2n – 2
2n – 2 = 211 – 2 =2048-2=2046 total usable or host IP Address
range
So, Last host address is 172.16.7.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 42

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 2: Last host address = Broadcast address -1

Last host address = 172.16.7.255-1
=
172.16.7.254
So, Last host address is 172.16.7.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 43

TO CALCULATE BROADCAST ADDRESS

Step 1: Broadcast address = Last host address +1

=
172.16.7.254+1
=
172.16.7.255
So, Broadcast address is 172.16.7.255
How to calculate the next Network ID of the network?
Next slide….
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 44
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.0.0/21
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0
 First host address=172.16.0.1
 Last host address=172.16.7.254
 Broadcast address=172.16.7.255
To calculate the next Network ID of the network. We should be see
the Broadcast address of the network which is 172.16.7.255
IP range (0-255) it is full now So, make shift to the next subnet.
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 45
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS

 The Next Network ID address = 172.16.8.0/21

 So , repeat the previous steps here to clarify.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 46

HOME ASSIGNMENT 4

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/23

 Subnet Mask = ?
 First host IP address = ?
 Last host IP address = ?
 Broadcast address = ?
 Next Network ID address = ?

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 47

TO CALCULATE SUBNET MASK
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/23
 First 32-23=9, that means No of Network portion(1) is 23 and No
of Host portion(0) is 9.
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111111=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 255
11111110=1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+1x22+1x21+0x20 = 254
00000000=0x27+0x26+0x25+0x24+0x23+0x22+0x21+0x20 = 0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 48
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/23

 First convert to Network ID to binary digits
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172= 10101100
16= 00010000 172 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

2= 00000010 16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
65= 01000001
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 49

TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.65/23
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
First host address= Network ID AND Subnet mask address
USE AND OPERATOR(1+1=1 , otherwise 0)
172.16.2.65= 10101100. 00010000. 00000010. 01000001
255.255.254.0=11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
Network ID= 10101100.00010000.0000010.00000000=172.16.2.0/23
So, by adding one host to the end = 10101100.00010000.00000010.00000001
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 50
TO CALCULATE FIRST HOST ADDRESS

 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 51

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 1: Formula , 2n = where n= host bits in the network.

 2n , n= 9 because of 32-23=9
 29 =2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 512 total IP Address
 So, to calculate usable or valid hosts 2n – 2
2n – 2 = 29 – 2 =512-2=510 total usable or host IP Address range
So, Last host address is 172.16.3.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 52

TO CALCULATE LAST HOST ADDRESS

Step 2: Last host address = Broadcast address -1

Last host address = 172.16.3.255-1
=
172.16.3.254
So, Last host address is 172.16.3.254

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 53

TO CALCULATE BROADCAST ADDRESS

Step 1: Broadcast address = Last host address +1

=
172.16.3.254+1
=
172.16.3.255
So, Broadcast address is 172.16.3.255
How to calculate the next Network ID of the network?
Next slide….
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 44
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS
 Network ID address = 172.16.2.0/23
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
 First host address=172.16.2.1
 Last host address=172.16.3.254
 Broadcast address=172.16.3.255
To calculate the next Network ID of the network. We should be see
the Broadcast address of the network which is 172.16.3.255
IP range (0-255) it is full now So, make shift to the next subnet.
Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 45
TO CALCULATE NETWORK ID ADDRESS

 The Next Network ID address = 172.16.4.0/23

 So , repeat the previous steps here to clarify.

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration 46

 Con’t…

THANKS!!
ANY QUESTION ??

Set by: Adugna A. Network Design, Configuration and Administration