Carry out

setting out
CPCCCA3002
 • Read and interpret work instructions and plan
sequence of work.
CHAPTER 1: • Plan all work to comply with laws and
regulations, Australian Standards, work health
Plan and and safety (WHS) and environmental
requirements, manufacturers’ specifications,
prepare workplace requirements, drawings, and
specifications.
• Select tools and equipment, check for
serviceability, and report any faults.
• Select and use personal protective equipment
(PPE) for each part of the task.
• Inspect work site, locate services, assess hazards,
and apply risk controls, including required
signage and barricades.
 Why Setting out is Critical?
1.1 Read and
interpret work
instructions These surveys are essential for reasons:
and plan
sequence of
work The construction would be allowed to
obtain within the legal boundary, making
sure no boundary disputes later.

The construction team would be able to

build the same as the plan where lines
laid out.
 The goals of the project

What does the project require to deliver, and what dates are they
In the required to be delivered by?

Project Resources required to accomplish each task

schedule, If unforeseen changes cause variations in the dates due to

renegotiate the times to meet your deadlines, employ extra
resources, or reduce the project's scope if necessary.
you will Plans, working drawings and specifications to identify the scope
of the work

find: Manufacturers' recommendations or instructions

Legislation, regulations, and standards

Company policies and procedures legislation, regulations, and

standards

Company policies and procedures

 Floor plans
demonstrate • The indication of the materials used for wall
a huge •
construction
the overall floor areas.
amount of • sizes and locations of windows and doors
• locations of fixtures and fittings
detail • room size and wall thickness
• Requirements in rooms such as floor coverings
 Details of footings, floor, wall, and roof
construction

Practitioners Details of the bracing

could find
specific Details of tie-down fixing (how the building frame
information on will tie down to the footings), The method chosen
for fixing all members.
section plans
The material used in construction.

Heights to floors and ceilings, and other

measurements
1.2 Plan all work to comply Performance requirements:-
with laws and regulations, • Performance requirements are the
national construction requirements in Australia that must
codes, Australian be met for a build or construction to
Standards, work health comply with Australia's building
and safety (WHS) and codes, as stipulated by the Australian
environmental Building Codes Board (ABCB) within
requirements, the National Construction Code
manufacturers’ (NCC), which will include aspects
specifications, and such as design, quality of materials,
workplace requirements and an appropriately skilled
workforce
 Structural provisions

Performance
Fire resistance and fire safety
requirements
for building Access and egress
and
construction Damp and weatherproofing
will include
aspects Energy efficiency

Plumbing works that meet the Plumbing

Code of Australia (PCA).
 • prevent environmental
damage and pollution by
setting environmental
Environment quality objectives
protection • establish programs to
acts aims to protect the environment
• meet objectives to preserve
environmental quality.
 The • reducing impact on natural environment and
environmental biodiversity.
• using resources that are more effective and
objectives during efficient in material, product, component, and
the selection of assembly production and during construction,
products, i.e., improve output per unit input.
materials, • reduce energy and water inputs to reduce
embodied energy and water;
components, • reduce waste generated during the material life
and assemblies cycle flows;
by • select durable, long-lasting materials.
• select materials and components with low
maintenance and cleaning requirements.
• use efficient, flexible space configuration.
• where available, opt for local materials and
products to reduce transport energy impacts.
• promote renewable, reusable, recycled and
recyclable material content
 1.3 Select
tools and Measuring tools:-
equipment,
check for Tape measures
serviceability,
and report
any fault
Leveling staff
 Leveling tools

Dumpy Laser Plumb

level level bob

Spirit Water String line

levels level levels
 Ranging poles

Pegs

Indicator survey pegs

Marking Boundary survey pegs
tools Dumpies survey pegs

Residential survey pegs

Survey spray paint

1.4 Select and PPE can include:
use personal • Safety helmets
protective • Fall arrest harnesses for different locations like
working at heights
equipment • Skin protection, such as gauntlets, gloves, and
(PPE) for each sunscreen
• Clothing, such as life jackets, high visibility vests
part of the and coveralls
task. • Footwear, such as rubber boots and safety boots.
• Hearing protective devices, such as earplugs and
earmuffs
• Respiratory protective equipment in dust
situations
• Face and eye protection, such as face shields and
safety glasses.
 The 1. Elimination of the risk (that is, remove it
Regulations physically).

specify a 2. Substitution,

four-level 3. Isolation or engineering controls (Barricade

hierarchy for the area of work from the public).

controlling 4. Administrative controls (Follow certain

work practices to avoid risks).

the risk of 5. Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

injury
 Read Read the label and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

To
determine
the required
PPE for each Complete Complete a risk assessment
task

Assess Assess the PPE against the following checklist

 The industrial guidelines ensure property owners,

1.5 Inspect employers and industry are informed of their obligations

to:-

work site, Manage the risks involving underground services at a

locate services, workplace

assess hazards, Provide safe systems of work for individuals dealing with

and apply risk works near underground services

controls, Effective communication between underground service

owners and industry to minimise risk to individuals, the
including community and damage to underground services

required Operate and maintain utility services

signage and
barricades. Encourage the implementation of agreed practices for
such work.
 • Provide risk and hazard identification on
the asset.
• Determine if there are underground
services near the worksite.
GENERAL • Provide risk management documents to
REQUIREMENTS address the risk associated with the
damage to the environment and public
services and reduce risk to the public.
• Provide appropriate OH&S requirements
at a worksite
 • If drawings are not available – as may be
the case when an unscheduled
emergency or other unforeseen work
must be undertaken – indicators of
underground services should be
considered.
Unscheduled • These may include:
• Posts supporting electrically powered
work services or equipment
• Alignment markers
• Valve pits
• Pit covers
• Tracer devices, including buried marker
tapes or cable protectors.
 Locate survey pegs at
corners of site.
CHAPTER 2:
Show site
boundaries. Set string lines to
accurately show site
boundary markings in
accordance with site
drawings and survey pegs
 Definitions:-
2.1 Site leveling- Cut and Fill

Locate Land use

survey Subdivision

pegs at Building lot

Boundary
corners Verge
of site. Easement
 • Locating boundary markers
• Reading site plans
Set out
• Locating and reading
process boundary pegs
2.2 Set string
lines to
accurately show
site boundary
markings in
accordance with
site drawings and
survey pegs
 • String lines are some of the oldest
and most basic hand tools used in
building and construction.
• They are usually made from nylon
or fine cotton string about 2–3 mm
in diameter and used to create a
straight line between two points.
Stringlines • A string line is set up by attaching
one end of the string to a nail fixed
into the top of a timber peg that
has been driven into the ground.
• The string is then pulled taut (tight)
and securely fastened to another
peg.
CHAPTER 3: Set out first line for building
alignment

• Determine, from drawings, the distance of the building line

from the boundary or existing building.
• Determine approximate position and length of line and
building clearances at each end from drawings and survey
pegs.
• Install pegs and profiles, ensuring that they are level across
and between one another and have adequate provision to
mark footing width on profile.
• Accurately mark location for line with nails on profiles and set
taut string line to true alignment with boundary.
 • Measurements of building lines from the
boundary or existing buildings are
determined from site drawings for
setting out.
3.1 Determine, • Where a proposed building is set out
within the boundary of a lot is critical.
from drawings, the • When architects design buildings, they
distance of the combine the requirements of the design,
building line from the client, state and territory laws, and
physical elements of the lot to
the boundary or determine the best position for the
existing building building.
• Starting the set-out in the correct place
is essential to the success of the task and
the overall project.
 • STEPS:-
3.2 Determine 1. Measure the setback distances
from the front and side
approximate boundaries and place a
position and length temporary peg at the first corner.
2. Identify the width of the building
of line and building from the site plans and place a
clearances at each temporary peg at corner two by
measuring the distances from
end from drawings corner 1 (width) and the front
boundary (setback).
and survey pegs. 3. Identify the depth of the house
from the site plans and place a
temporary peg at corner three by
measuring the distances from
corner 1 (depth) and the side
boundary (setback).
4. Place a temporary peg at corner
four by measuring the distances
from corner 3 (width) and corner
2 (depth).
3.3 Install pegs and
profiles, ensuring
that they are level • PROFILES:-
across and • Profiles are pegs attached by
timber crosspieces that provide
between one an anchor for the string lines that
mark out the shape and
another and have dimensions of a proposed
building.
adequate provision
to mark footing
width on profile
 Saddle

Hurdle
TYPES OF
PROFILES Corner

continuous
 3.4 Accurately
mark location for
line with nails on • Footings are designed by a
structural engineer, and the type of
profiles and set footing used will vary depending
taut string line to •
on the:
Weight of the building
true alignment • Type and size of wall construction
with boundary •
used
Type of soil being built on
• The slope of the building lot
• Budget for the build
CHAPTER 4:
Set out
right-
• Determine and mark corner of building with peg
on set building line to true measurement from
adjacent boundary.
angled • Use triangulation principles to set up right angle

corners •
to line from corner peg.
Install profiles to approximate level of other
profiles and set taut string line to right-angled
alignment.
4.1 Determine and mark corner of building
with peg on set building line to true
measurement from adjacent boundary

Step 1:-
1. Install the first profiles A and B approximately 2–3 m from
the temporary pegs used to mark the corners of the
proposed building.
2. Use a spirit level to make sure each ledger is level across
the top face and an optical or laser level to check that both
profiles are approximately level with each other.
3. Measure the front setback from the front boundary to the
profiles.
4. Use a spirit level to transfer and mark the measured
position from the ground to the top of each ledger.
5. Fix a nail in the top of each ledger at the mark and set the
string line A–B taut between the nails to create the
building line for the front of the proposed building.
 Position the second set of profiles C
and D and check that they are
approximately level with each other
and all other profiles in the set-out.

Set the string line C–D for the side

building line of the proposed
building, following the process
Step 2 outlined in Step 1.

Measurements for the side setback

are taken from the side boundary.
 • Use the 3:4:5 method to check the
angle of the front corner. Follow
these steps:-
1. Drive a timber peg into the ground
4.2 Use at the corner of the building
triangulation 2. From the centre of corner peg, A,
principles to measure 3 m along the first line A–B
set up right and drive another peg (B) into the
ground
angle to line
3. From the centre of corner peg, A,
from corner measure 4 m along the second line
peg A–C and drive another peg (C) into
the ground
4. Measure the distance between pegs
B and C
 4.3 Install
profiles to
approximate • Step 1:-
level of other 1. Determine the building depth from the site plans
profiles and set and specifications to measure the position of the
third building line.
out string line 2. Install the profiles E and F approximately 2–3 m
to right-angled from the temporary pegs and use a spirit level to
alignment make sure each ledger is level across the top face.
3. Measure the distance identified as the structure
depth from profile A to profile E and from profile
B to profile F.
 Step 2

1. Determine the building depth from the site plans and

specifications to measure the position of the third building
line.
2. Install the profiles E and F approximately 2–3 m from the
temporary pegs and use a spirit level to make sure each
ledger is level across the top face.
3. Measure the distance identified as the structure depth from
profile A to profile E and from profile B to profile F.
 Install profiles for remaining building
Install lines level with established profiles.

CHAPTER 5:
Install Other
Mark measurements for remaining
Building Mark building lines accurately, and nail on
Lines profiles to dimensions from drawings.

Set taut string lines to nailed locations

Set on profiles
 The string line will then indicate a
horizontal line.

5.1 Install profiles The line-level can be used to:

for remaining
building lines level • Measure up or down from the horizontal
with established level shown, and set another profile board
so that there is a certain difference of level
profiles.
between the two profiles
• Transfer the exact level of one profile
board to another, thereby ensuring that
both profiles are at the same level,
• Measure the slope between two fixed
profile boards and determine which one is
higher
 5.2 Mark
measurements
for remaining
building lines • Mark measurements for remaining building lines
accurately and nail on profiles to dimensions
accurately, and from drawings.
nail on profiles • Every building design is different according to the
building owners' interests, expectations, and
to dimensions architectural designs.
from drawings. • Thus, most building designs contain irregular
shapes, and it would be rare to have a square
building to set out.
 • Determine string line position. Do not start pounding stakes
5.3 Set •
without a plan.
First, decide where you want the string line.

taut string •
•
•
Uncoil the string line.
Attach the end of the string line to the nailed profile.
Tie off the string line to the nail on the other profile at the
lines to •
same height as the finished string line.
Any excess string line can be left on the ground.

nailed •
•
Set the string line.
Winch the string line tight.

locations
• A loose stringing affects alignment and grade.
• To test line tightness, grab the string line with your hand
and turn your wrist.
on • If the string line can be twisted more than 45 degrees, it is
too loose

profiles • Make sure the line is tight before placing it on the nail; after
the string line is properly tensioned, taut it to the nail
located at the end of each platform.
 CHAPTER 6: • Check diagonal measurements for
square and adjust lines to provide
Check building square relationship within 3 mm
tolerance over minimum diagonal
lines for square •
length of 10 m.
Check measurements for accuracy.
6.1 Check diagonal There are two reasons that one
measurements for diagonal line may be longer than the
square and adjust other.
lines to provide
1. The first corner of the set-out is
square relationship
not square (90°).
within 3 mm
tolerance over 2. The dimension measurements are
minimum diagonal not correct, and the opposing
length of 10 m. lines are not parallel
 1. Human errors or
Mistakes
6.2 Check
2. Systematic Errors
measurements
for accuracy.
or Instrument Errors

3. Random Errors
Any questions?