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Lecture#2-introduction to ICT

The document outlines the four main components of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the information processing cycle, which includes input, processing, output, and storage, and details the essential hardware categories such as processing devices, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. Additionally, it explains the differences between storage and memory, highlighting their distinct functions and characteristics.

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behram6t
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14 views

Lecture#2-introduction to ICT

The document outlines the four main components of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the information processing cycle, which includes input, processing, output, and storage, and details the essential hardware categories such as processing devices, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. Additionally, it explains the differences between storage and memory, highlighting their distinct functions and characteristics.

Uploaded by

behram6t
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1B

LOOKING INSIDE THE COMPUTER SYSTEM


V I D E O L I N K : H T T P S : / / W W W. YO U T U B E . C O M / WAT C H ? V = N 9 X E Z K E 0 W V M
PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
Computer Systems have four parts
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
 User

1B-2
PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
1. Hardware
 Mechanical devices in the computer
 Anything that can be touched
 A computers hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you
can use to control the computers operations, input and output.

2. Software
 Tell the computer what to do
 Also called a program
 Thousands of programs exist

1B-3
PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
3. Data
 Pieces of information
 Computers organize and present data

4. Users
 People operating the computer
 Most important part
 Tell the computer what to do

1B-4
INFORMATION PROCESSING
CYCLE
Steps followed to process data
Input
 Computer accept data from some source
i.e., keyboard, Mouse
Processing
 Computer’s processing components
perform actions on the data.
Output
 Computer display the results of its
processing. The results may appear as
text, numbers or graphics on screen.
Storage
 Computer permanently stores the results of
its processing on a disk, tape or some other
1B-5
kind of storage medium.
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Computers Hardware is categorized
into four types:
 Processor
 Memory
 Input & Output
 Storage

1B-6
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
1. Processing devices
– The procedure that performs raw data into useful information.
– Brain of the computer
– Carries out instructions from the program
– Manipulate the data
– Most computers have several processors
– Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Processors made of silicon and copper

1B-7
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
2. Memory devices
– Memory is one or more set of chips that store data or program instructions, either
temporarily or permanently.
1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Volatile Memory: It loses its content when the computer is shut off or if there is power failure.
• It is like an electronic scratch pad inside the computer.
• RAM holds data and program instructions as processor works on them.
• More RAM results in a faster system

11. Read Only Memory (ROM)


• Permanent storage of programs, even
when the computer is off.
• Holds the computer boot directions.

1B-8
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
3. Input and output devices
 Allows the user to interact
 Input devices accept data
 Keyboard, mouse
 Output devices deliver data
 Monitor, printer, speaker
 Some devices are input and output
 Touch screens

1B-9
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
4. Storage devices
 Hold data and programs permanently
 Different from RAM
 We can think of Storage as a electronic file cabinet and RAM as an electronic
work table.
 There is two types of computer Storage:
1. Magnetic storage
 Floppy and hard drive
 Uses a magnet to access data

2. Optical storage
 CD and DVD drives
 Uses a laser to access data

1B-10
MAGNETIC STORAGE
Most common storage of computer is magnetic disk also known as Hard
disk drive.
A disk is a flat round object that spin around its center.
Read / Write heads are used to read data from the disk or write data on to
the disk.

Another diskette drive is also available in computer that allows you to use
removable diskettes (floppy disks).
Floppy disks are used to trade data with other users.
OPTICAL STORAGE
CD ROM is the most common type of optical storage device
These Devices uses lasers to read data from or write data to the reflective
surface of an optical disc.
CD-ROM : only allows to read the contents of compact disks.
CD-R (Recordable): Allows you to read data from or write data on the the
compact disk.
CD-RW (Re-Writable): Allows you to write data multiple times in the disk.
DVD : Can hold a minimum of 4.7 GB, and a maximum of 17 GB.
DIFF BETWEEN STORAGE &
MEMORY
 There are three major distinctions between storage & memory

1. There is more room / space in storage than in memory.


2. Contents are retained in storage when the computer is turned off, where as programs or
the data in memory disappear when you shut down the computer.
3. Storage devices operate much slower than memory chips, but storage is much cheaper
than memory.

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