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Lecture # 13 Temperatute Inversion

The document discusses temperature inversion, a phenomenon where cooler air is trapped beneath warmer air, preventing pollution from dispersing. It outlines three types of temperature inversion: surface, advection, and radiation, along with their causes and effects. Additionally, it highlights the consequences of temperature inversions, such as extreme weather events like freezing rain and intense thunderstorms.

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3 views

Lecture # 13 Temperatute Inversion

The document discusses temperature inversion, a phenomenon where cooler air is trapped beneath warmer air, preventing pollution from dispersing. It outlines three types of temperature inversion: surface, advection, and radiation, along with their causes and effects. Additionally, it highlights the consequences of temperature inversions, such as extreme weather events like freezing rain and intense thunderstorms.

Uploaded by

marwanajeeb666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE CODE: CHEM-200; CREDIT HOUR: 1(1-0)

COURSE TITLE: Environmental Sciences

B.S ZOOLOGY (MA)


MADAM ZAHRA JAMIL
GCWUF
LECTURE # 11
Contents

• TEMPERATURE INVERSION
• THREE TYPES OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION
• SURFACE INVERSION
• ADVECTION INVERSION
• RADIATION INVERSION
• FRONTAL INVERSION
• UPPER AIR INVERSION
• CONSEQUENCES OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION
TEMPERATURE INVERSION
• A temperature inversion occurs
when air close to the earth is
cooler than the air above it. And
under such conditions the
pollution is not able to rise and
be dispersed, causing a musky
build up.
• (B. Pani, 2007)
THREE TYPES OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION

Surface Upper
Inversion inversion

Frontal
inversion

Pani, 2007
SURFACE INVERSION
• Inversion near the surface is of
very short duration because the
solar radiation heats the surface
during day time, warms up the
pre-existing cold air near the
surface which soon disappears at
night and hence the temperature
inversion also disappears.
Upper air inversion lasts for
longer duration because the
warming of cold air layer aloft
through terrestrial radiation
takes respectively longer period
of time.
• (https://www.slideshare.net/Kam
leshKumar265/inversion-of-tem
prature
).
ADVECTION INVERSION
 Dynamically produced.
 Heat is transferred by horizontal flow of fluid in atmosphere or sea where the
particles are in contact with each other.
 Inversion occurs when warm air passes over cooler surface.
https://www.slideshare.net/KamleshKumar265/inversi
on-of-temprature
RADIATION INVERSION
 Inversion is produced by radiation mechanism. It’s caused due to excessive
nocturnal cooling produced by outgoing terrestrial radiation. Thus, the air
coming in contact with cool ground surface also becomes cool while the air
lying above is relatively warm
 ( Distribution of temperature of atmosphere.)
 Suitable Conditions :
Long
Winte
Loss of heat by terrestrial radiation is more than the insolation received during
r daytime as the nights are colder and longer.
Night
s
Dr Absorbs less heat radiated by the surface in comparison to moist air
y
Air
Clea More loss of heat without any obstruction after sunset as clouds absorb and
r delay the loss of heat.
Sky
Cal No or little mixing of air and hence less transfer of heat.
m Ground gets suffice amount of time to cool down.
Air
Albedo of snow is very high, the snow covered surface heats up slowly.
Snow
y At night, snow being a bad conductor of heat retards the flow of heat from
surfac ground underneath to surface air.
FRONTAL INVERSION

 Occurs when differing air masses converge.


 The warmer air being relatively higher tends to overlie the
colder and denser air in a horizontal layer but however due to the
coriolis force the boundary zone between these contrasting air masses
is sloping.(Pani, 2007)
 The frontal zone itself is converted into inversion layer in which the
lapse rate is inverted.
https://www.slideshare.net/KamleshKumar265/inversion-of-tempratur
e
Upper Air Inversion
It is of two types i) Thermal upper air inversion which is caused by presence
of ozone layer in stratosphere. It absorbs most of the UV rays radiated from the
sun increasing the temperature of the layer much higher than the layers below and
above it. This occurs only when there is no vertical movement of air only ascent
and descent of air. ii) Mechanical inversion is caused due to subsidence of air
and Turbulence & Convection mechanism.

https://www.slideshare.net/ Upper
KamleshKumar265/inversio
n-of-temprature
Air
Inversio
n

Convection
Subsiden
&
ce Turbulence
CONSEQUENCES OF INVERSION OF
TEMPERATURE
Some of the most significant consequences of temperature inversions
are the extreme weather conditions they can sometimes create.
 Freezing rain- This phenomenon develops with a temperature
inversion in a cold area because snow melts as it moves through
the warm inversion layer. The precipitation then continues to fall
and passes through the cold layer of air near the ground it becomes
cooled below freezing without becoming solid. The super- cooled
drops then become ice when they land on items like cars and trees
and the result is freezing rain or an ice storm.
• Intense thunderstorms and tornadoes are also associated with
inversions because of the intense energy that is released after an
inversion blocks an area’s normal convection patterns.
https://www.slideshare.net/KamleshKumar265/inversion-of-tempratu
re
REFERENCES

• B.pani,2007.text Book of Environmental Chemistry latest edition .Ik


internationals private limited.
• Distribution of temperature of the
atmosphere/climatology/geography
• https://www.slideshare.net/KamleshKumar265/inversion-of-temprat
ure

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