Scribd
Upload
7 views

Mutually Exclusive Events

The document discusses various probability concepts, including events such as odd numbers, multiples of four, primes, square numbers, and even numbers. It explains mutually exclusive events and provides addition rules for calculating probabilities. Examples involving dice rolls and card draws illustrate how to determine the probabilities of different events and their intersections.

Uploaded by

Franz Paring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Mutually Exclusive Events

The document discusses various probability concepts, including events such as odd numbers, multiples of four, primes, square numbers, and even numbers. It explains mutually exclusive events and provides addition rules for calculating probabilities. Examples involving dice rolls and card draws illustrate how to determine the probabilities of different events and their intersections.

Uploaded by

Franz Paring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

ACTIVITY

◦1. A card is picked at random from these number cards.

◦ The event A is ‘The number picked is odd’.


◦The event B is ‘The number picked is a multiple of four’.
◦The event C is ‘The number picked is prime’.
◦The event D is ‘The number picked is a square number’.
◦The event E is ‘The number picked is even’.
What is the probability that the number picked is:
(i) either odd or a multiple of 4?
(ii) either prime or a multiple of 4?
(iii) either prime or a square?
(iv) either even or prime?
MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS
◦Two events are mutually exclusive events if they
cannot occur at the same time (i.e., they have no
outcomes in common)
◦This means that A and B do not share any outcomes
and so it follows that P(A and B) = 0.
◦In other words, they are events that share no
common elements. In algebra: P (A and B) = 0
Addition Rules
P  A or B  P  A   P B  Mutually Exclusive
P  A or B  P  A   P B   P  A and B  Not M. E.
◦There are several equivalent ways to express the concept of mutually
exclusive:

◦1. If you know that either one of the event has occurred, then the
other event is excluded or cannot have occurred.

◦2. If you are looking at the lists of the elements making up each
event, none of the elements listed for either event will appear on the
other event’s list; there are “no shared elements.”

◦3. The equation says, “the intersection of the two events has a
probability of zero,” meaning “the intersection is an empty set” or
“there is no intersection
Example
Determine which events are mutually exclusive and which
are not, when a single die is rolled.
a. Getting an odd number and getting an even number

Getting an odd number: 1, 3, or 5


Getting an even number: 2, 4, or 6

Mutually Exclusive
Determine which events are mutually exclusive and which are
not, when a single die is rolled.
b. Getting a 3 and getting an odd number

Getting a 3: 3
Getting an odd number: 1, 3, or 5

Not Mutually Exclusive


Determine which events are mutually exclusive and which
are not, when a single die is rolled.
c. Getting an odd number and getting a number less than 4

Getting an odd number: 1, 3, or 5


Getting a number less than 4: 1, 2, or 3

Not Mutually Exclusive


Determine which events are mutually exclusive and which
are not, when a single die is rolled.
d. Getting a number greater than 4 and getting a number less
than 4

Getting a number greater than 4: 5 or 6


Getting a number less than 4: 1, 2, or 3

Mutually Exclusive
The corporate research and development centers for three
local companies have the following number of employees:
U.S. Steel 110
Alcoa 750
Bayer Material Science 250
If a research employee is selected at random, find the
probability that the employee is employed by U.S. Steel or
Alcoa.
◦A box has two balls, one white and one red. We select one ball,
put it back in the box, and select a second ball (sampling with
replacement). Find the probability of the following events:
◦a. Let F = the event of getting the white ball twice.
◦b. Let G = the event of getting two balls of different colors.
◦c. Let H = the event of getting white on the first pick.
◦d. Are F and G mutually exclusive?
◦e. Are G and H mutually exclusive?
EXAMPLE
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of getting
the following:

a. A king or a queen or a jack.


b. A club or a heart or a spade.
c. A king or a queen or a diamond.
d. An ace or a diamond or a heart.
e. A 9 or a 10 or a spade or a club.
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of
getting the following:
a. A king or a queen or a jack.
There are 4 kings, 4 queens, and 4 jacks,
hence:
12 3
P (king or queen or jack) = =
52 13
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of
getting the following:
b. A club or a heart or a spade.
There are 13 clubs, 13 hearts, and 13
spades, hence:

P(club or heart or spade)


13 + 13 + 13 39 3
P= = =
52 52 4
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of
getting the following:
c. A king or a queen or a diamond.
There are 4 kings, 4 queens, and 13
diamonds but the king and queen of
diamonds were counted twice, hence:
P(king or queen or diamond)
= P(king) + P(queen) + P(diamond)
– P(king or queen of diamonds)
4 4 13 2 19
P= + + – =
52 52 52 52 52
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of
getting the following:
d. An ace or a diamond or a heart.

There are 4 aces, 13 diamonds and 13


hearts. There is one ace of diamonds
and one ace of hearts, hence:
P(ace or diamond or heart)
= P(ace) + P(diamond) + P(heart)
– P(ace of hearts or ace of diamonds)

4 13 13 2 28 7
P= + + – = =
52 52 52 52 52 13
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of getting
the following:
e. A 9 or a 10 or a spade or a club.
There are 4 nines, 4 tens, 13 spades, and
13 clubs. There is one nine of spades,
one ten of spades, one nine of clubs, and
one ten of clubs, hence:
P ( 9 or 10 or spade or club)
= P(9) + P(10) + P(spade) + P(club)
– P(9 of spades or 9 of clubs)
– P(10 of spades or 10 of clubs)
If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, find the probability of
getting the following:
e. A 9 or a 10 or a spade or a club.
P ( 9 or 10 or spade or club)
= P(9) + P(10) + P(spade) + P(club)
– P(9 of spades or 9 of clubs)
– P(10 of spades or 10 of clubs)
4 4 13 13 2 2
P= + + + – –
52 52 52 52 52 52
30 15
= =
52 26

You might also like