MODULE 01:

INTRODUCTION OF
R E S E A RC H

P R E PA R E D B Y:
MRS. SHARMAINE NICOLE JOICE D.
SIBBALUCA
QUESTIONS

1. Are you aware of the different brands of vaccine for Covid

19? Can you name some of these?
2. Why do you think pharmaceutical companies were able to
come up with these vaccines?
3. How important is research in today's society?
WHAT IS A RESEARCH?
RESEARCH – a process used to
collect and analyze
information in order to
increase the understanding in
regards of a certain topic or
issue (Creswell, 2014)
RESEARCH is an organized
and systematic way of
finding answers to questions.
It is a way of establishing
knowledge thru empiricism
 •SYSTEMATIC because
RESEARCH IS:
there is a definite set of
procedures and steps which
you will follow.
•ORGANIZED because
there is a structure or
method in going about
doing research
•FINDING ANSWERS is the
end of all research.
•QUESTIONS are central to
research.
NATURE OF INQUIRY
1. Inquiry is defined as “a
seeking for truth,
information or
knowledge”.
2. Individuals carry on the
process of inquiry from
birth till death.
3. Inquiry is synonymous
with the word
investigation.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INQUIRY AND
RESEARCH
Inquiry Research
Inquiry is a term that is Research is systematic and
synonymous with the word objective creation of
‘investigation’. When knowledge systematic,
you inquire or investigate, objective (no bias, all
you tend to ask angles presented),
questions to probe or knowledge creation.
examine something to
request for truth,
information, or
knowledge.
IDENTIFICATION: Determine whether Inquiry or Research is
applicable to the given situations.

_________1. A person wants to know the number of occupants in one

household.
_________2. Teresita wants to know the reason for the continuous
loss of sales in her online business.
_________3. A business man wants to find out which between these
two marketing strategies: free tasting and attractive packaging, could
increase daily sales.
_________4. Teacher Beatrice wants to determine the effectiveness of
modular modality in her school.
_________5. Mikee wants to know the technique to make her newly
bought massage chair instantly.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
1.Empirical-Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2.Logical-Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3.Cyclical-Research is a cyclical process
because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
4.Analytical- Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering
the data, whether historical,
descriptive, and experimental and
case study.
5.Critical- Research exhibits careful
and precise judgment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
6.Methodical. Research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7.Replicability. The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid
and conclusive results
 WHEN TO USE
QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE
Quantitative data can help you
RESEARCH? see
the big picture.

Qualitative data adds the details

and can also give a human voice to
your survey results.
 DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
Objective To understand & To test
interpret social hypotheses, look
interactions. at cause &
effect, & make
predictions.
Group Studied Smaller & not Larger &
randomly randomly
selected. selected.
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUSQUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
Variables Study of the Specific variables
whole, not studied
variables.
Type of Words, Numbers and
Data images, or statistics
Collected objects.
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
Form of Qualitative data such Quantitative data
Data as open-ended based on precise
Collected responses, interviews, measurements using
participant structured & validated,
observations, field data-collection
notes, & reflections. instruments
Type of Identify patterns, Identify statistical
Data features, themes. relationships.
Analysis Identify statistical
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
Objectivity Subjectivity is expected. Objectivity is critical.
and
Subjectivity
Role of Researcher & their Researcher & their biases
Researcher biases may be known to are not known to the
participants in the study, participants in the study,
& participant & participant
characteristics may be characteristics are
known to the researcher. deliberately hidden from
the researcher (double-
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH2
Results Particular or specialized Generalizable findings
findings that are less that can be applied to
generalizable. other populations.

Scientific Exploratory or bottom- Confirmatory or top-

Method up: the researcher down: the researcher
generates a new tests the hypothesis and
hypothesis and theory theory with the data.
from the data collected.
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
View of Dynamic, Regular &
Human situational, social, predictable.
Behavior & personal.

Focus Wide-angle lens; Narrow-angle lens;

examines the tests a specific
breadth & depth of hypothesis.
phenomena.
DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
Nature of Study behavior in a natural Study behavior under
Observation environment. controlled conditions;
isolate causal effects.
Nature of Multiple realities; Single reality; objective.
Reality subjective.

Final Report Narrative report with Statistical report with

contextual description & correlations, comparisons of
direct quotations from means, & statistical
research participants. significance of findings.
Adopted from Creswell, J. Research Design, New Delhi Sage Publication
SIMILARITIES:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AND QUANTITATIVE
1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
RESEARCH
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding
various issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new
problem
SIMILARITIES:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AND QUANTITATIVE
4.Both use textual forms in analyzing and
RESEARCH
interpretation of data.
5.Both use inductive and deductive
methods
 KINDS OF
RESEARCH ACROSS
FIELDS
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF DESCRIPTIO FIELDS
SAMPLE
INTEREST N

Personal 1.The Role of

Arts- expression in Arts in Student
Based various art Achievement in
Research forms is use Reading
as a primary
mode of 2.How
inquiry Classroom
Artistic
Structure
Motivates
Learning
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF DESCRIPTIO FIELDS
SAMPLE
INTEREST N
Deals with 1 Values
Research human culture Education in the
in such as Public Schools:
Humaniti philosophy, Practices and
es religion, Challenges
literature,
linguistics and 2. Children In-
history Conflict with the
Law: A
Resolution and
Intervention
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF DESCRIPTION FIELDS
SAMPLE
INTEREST
Intended for 1. Student
Sports athletes to Involvement
Research endure their in Athletics
health and and their
wellness goals Academic
through proven Performance
high quality
products. 2. Sports and
Fitness
Support on
Students in
Public
Schools
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF DESCRIPTION
FIELDS
SAMPLE
INTEREST
Discover laws, 1.Utilization of
Science postulates Garbage and
Research theories that other Waste
can explain Resources as
natural or Cleaning
social Materials
phenomena.
2.Making of
COVID -19 Cure
out of Heat
Transfer
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
AREA OF DESCRIPTIO SAMPLE
INTEREST N
Acquire 1.Developing a
Business information in Framework for
Research business to Small Scale
maximize the Business
sales and
profit. 2.Business
Practices and
Strategies of
Small
Enterprises at
168 Mall
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research directs us to
inquire about the right
information by conducting
further investigation of the
actual condition. It leads us
to be cautious in giving
results and findings by
proving lies and supporting
the truth.
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research empowers us
with knowledge and
discovers new things
and issues in life. It helps
us solve problems in health,
crimes, business,
technology and
environment.
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research facilitates
learning as an opportunity
to share valuable
information to others
as a way of recognizing
various concerns for
public awareness
REFERENCE

• Melegrito L. and Mendoza D. Applied Research: Introduction to Quantitative

Research Method and Report Writing. Phoenix Publishing House 2016
• Fraenbel, J. Wallen, N., and Hyun, H. 2012. How to design and evaluate
research in education. 2012. USA: Mc-Graw-Hill.
• Creswell, J. 2014. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
method approaches. 4th ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Jesson, J., Matheson, L., and Lacy, F. 2011. Doing your literature review:
Traditional and systematic techniques. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Baraceros E. Practical Research 2. Rex Publishing House 2016