Science 9

Quarter 3

Self-Learning Module 5

Types of Volcanic Eruption

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division of Pasig City

SCIENCE 9
Explain what happens when volcanoes
erupt. S9ES-IIIb-27
MELC: Types of Volcanic Eruption
Week # 2
Day # 2

Schools Division of Pasig City

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division of Pasig City

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:
1.relate the characteristics of magma with the type of
volcanic eruption;
2.explain the process of a volcanic eruption; and
3.describe the different types of volcanic eruptions.
Schools Division of Pasig City
 PRETEST
1. Volcanoes erupt differently. They are
generally classified as wet or dry
depending on the magma’s water
content. Which of the following is NOT a
type of volcanic eruption?
A. crater
B. hydrothermal
C. phreatomagmatic
D. plinian
2. Volcanoes are described according
to the style of eruption. Which of the
following is the most explosive and
destructive type of volcanic eruption?
A. phreatic
B.phreatomagmatic
C. plinian

D. strombolian
3. Which of the following types of
eruption is characterized by a stream-
driven eruption as the hot rocks come
in contact with water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but
maybe an onset for a larger eruption?
A. phreatic C. strombolian

B. plinian D. vulcanian
4. After an explosive eruption, a scenic
cone-shaped structure may be
produced, or a cone-shaped structure
maybe produced or changes on its
slope can be observed. Which of the
following are primary factors affecting
the volcanoes’ eruptive style?
A. magma’s temperature
B. amount of dissolved gases
C. magma’s chemical composition
D. All of the above
 5. Many Filipinos are still living nearby
volcanoes though they know the
hazards during a volcanic eruption. Why
settlements are still found near
volcanoes?
A. To facilitate the study of volcanoes.
B. To reap the benefits of volcanoes,
like the fertile soil.
C. People are unaware of the
danger of living near volcanoes.
D. To send out immediate warnings
Let us now check your
answers.
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
RECAP
1. It is a semi-liquid rock, crystallized
minerals, dissolved gases, and
extremely hot liquid form found
beneath the surface of the earth.
2. It is the property of the
material’s resistance to flow.
3. The most abundant element
in magma.
4. The formation of magma
that involves the movement
of the earth's mantle.
5. The formation of magma that
occurs when carbon dioxide and
water are added to rocks.
Let us now check
your answers.
1. Magma
2. Viscosity
3. Oxygen
4. Decompression
melting
5. Flux melting
 LESSON
Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma
(a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved
gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface, we must
first relate the characteristics of magma with the
volcanic eruption. This includes the types of
magma, gases in magmas, the temperature of
magma, and the viscosity of magma.
 Types of magma
There are three general types of magma based
on their chemical composition:
1.Basaltic magma -- SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in
Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na
2.Andesitic magma -- SiO2 55-65 wt%,
intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K
3.Rhyolitic magma -- SiO2 65-75%, low in Fe,
Mg, Ca, high in K, Na
 Gases in Magma
• The composition of the gases in magma
are:

• Mostly water vapor & some carbon dioxide

• Minor amounts of Sulfur, Chlorine, and
Fluorine gases
• The amount of gas in magma is related to
the chemical composition of the magma.
Basaltic magmas usually have lower gas
contents than rhyolitic magmas.
Temperature of Magmas
 Basaltic magma - 1000 to 1200oC
 Andesitic magma - 800 to 1000oC
 Rhyolitic magma - 650 to 800oC.
Viscosity of Magma
 Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have a higher
viscosity than lower SiO2 content magmas (viscosity
increases with increasing SiO2 concentration in the
magma).
 Lower temperature magmas have a higher viscosity
than higher temperature magmas (viscosity
decreases with increasing temperature of the
magma).
Magma Chemical Gas Explosivenes Temperature
type Composition Content s
(silica content)
Basaltic 45-55 SiO2 %, high Low Least 1000 - 1200 oC
Magma in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in
K, Na
Andesitic 55-65 SiO2 %, Intermediate Intermediate 800 - 1000 oC
Magma intermediate in Fe,
Mg, Ca, Na, K
Rhyolitic 5-75 SiO2 %, low in High Greatest 650 - 800 oC
Magma Fe, Mg, Ca, high in
K, Na.
 Process of Volcanic Eruption
 Magma is continuously heated below the earth’s
surface
 Heated magma goes up.
 As magma rises, gas bubbles are developed pressure
inside the volcano increases due to trapped bubbles
within it.
 When pressure exceeds the strength of overlying
rocks, fracturing occurs resulting to the further drop
in pressure.
 Enhanced formation of bubbles.
 Magma is ejected out as lava.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Phreatic or
hydrothermal- An
eruption driven by
the heat from
magma interacting
with water. Phreatic Eruption of Taal Volcano in
Philippines
Phreatomagmati
c- An eruption
resulting from the
interaction of new
magma or lava with
water and can be
very explosive.
Phreatomagmatic lava fountain of Mt.
Etna
Strombolian and
Hawaiian- These are the
least violent types of
explosive eruptions.
Hawaiian eruptions have
fire fountains and lava
flows, whereas
Strombolian eruptions
have explosions causing Strombolian Eruption of
Yasur Volcano in Vanuatu
a shower of lava
Vulcanian- are small to
moderate explosive
eruptions, lasting
seconds to minutes. Ash
columns can be up to 20
km in height, and lava
blocks and bombs may
be ejected from the vent.
Vulcanic Eruption of Mt. Krakatau
Plinian- The most
explosive and largest
type of volcanic
eruptions. Eruptions with
a high rate of magma
discharge sustained for
minutes to hours.

Plinian Eruption of Mt. St. Helens

 ACTIVITIES
Module No 5: Activity No.1:
Characteristics of Magma

___________________1. Volcanic eruptions

are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid
rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled
onto the Earth's surface.
___________________2. The amount of gas in a
magma is related to the chemical
composition of the magma.
___________________3. Higher SiO2 (silica)
content magmas have higher viscosity.
___________________4. Viscosity depends on
primarily on the composition of the
magma, and temperature.
_________________5. The composition of the
gases in magma are mostly H2O (water
vapor) & some CO2 (carbon dioxide).
__________________6. Lower temperature
magmas have higher viscosity than
higher temperature magmas.
___________________7. Viscosity is an
important property in determining the
eruptive behavior of magmas.
___________________8. Gas gives magmas
their explosive character, because volume of
gas expands as pressure is reduced.
___________________9. Rhyolitic magmas
tend to have even higher viscosity than
basaltic magmas.
__________________10. Rhyolitic magmas
usually have higher gas contents than
basaltic magmas.
Module No 4: Activity No.2: Process
of Volcanic Eruption
 Enhanced formation of bubbles.
 Heated magma goes up.
 Magma is ejected out as lava.
 Magma is continuously heated
below the earth’s surface
• As magma rises, gas bubbles are
developed pressure inside the
volcano increases due to trapped
bubbles within it.
• When pressure exceeds the
strength of overlying rocks,
fracturing occurs resulting in a
further drop in pressure
 WRAP-UP
1.____________________– is a stream-driven
eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with
water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash
columns but may be an onset for of a larger
eruption.
(H E C T A I P R)
2. _____________________-– is a violent
eruption due to the contact between water
and magma. As a result, a large column of
very fine ash and high-speed and sideway
emission of pyroclastic called base surges
are observed. (M M A A A T T I C H E P R
O G)
3. __________________– a periodic weak to
violent eruption characterized by
fountain of lava just like the Irazu Volcano
in Costa Rica.
(N R O O L I T S A M B)
4. ______________– characterized by tall
eruption columns that reach up to 20 km
high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall
tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in
Mexico. (N N A I L C A V U)
5. _______________– excessively
explosive type of eruption of gas and
pyroclastics, just like our Pinatubo
Volcano in Zambales. (N N I I A P L)
ANSWER

• PHREATIC
• PHREATOMAG
MATIC
• STROMBOLIA
N
• VULCANIAN
• PLINIAN
 VALUING
Module No 4: Activity 3: Be Updated!
Many Filipinos are still living nearby
volcanoes though they know the hazards
during volcanic eruptions. Why settlements
are still found near volcanoes? Why it is
very important for us to listen to the
updates given by PHIVOLCS?
 POSTTEST
1.Viscosity depends primarily on the composition of the
magma, and temperature. Which of the following
statement is correct?
A.Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have low viscosity.
B.Lower SiO2 (silica) content magmas have higher
viscosity.
C.Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have higher
viscosity.
D.There is no relationship between viscosity and silica
content.
2. Types of volcanoes vary from quiet
to explosive. Which of the following
factors greatly affects the eruption of a
volcano?
A. altitude
B. shape
C. size
D. temperature
3. When the pressure exceeds the
strength of the overlying rocks, what
usually occurs in the volcano?
A. earthquake
B. fracture
C. tsunami
D. None of these
4. Which of the following types of
eruption is characterized by a periodic
weak to violent eruption characterized
by fountain lava?
A. phreatic
B. plinian
C. strombolian
D. vulcanian
5. You are a volcanologist from Bicol. On
your way back to your hometown, you saw
the eruption of Mayon Volcano
characterized by a violent and excessive
ejection of pyroclastic debris and other
volcanic materials, which eruptive style is
described in the scenario?
A. phreatic C. strombolian
B. plinian D. vulcanian
Let us now check your
answers.
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. B
The borrowed materials like stories, songs,
videos, pictures, brand names. Trademarks,
and other used in this material for
educational purposes are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Credit goes to
their original owners. The author does not
represent nor claim any ownership over
them.
 References
A. Books
Madriaga, et. al. 2017. Science Links 8 Revised Edition. Manila. Rex Book
Store,Inc.

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2
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THANKS AND SEE YOU