NANOTECHNOLOGY

THE MANIPULATION OF MATTER

KMQuinto
 WHAT IS
NANOTECHNOLOGY?

Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and

engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in
the nanometre scale are utilised in the design, characterisation,
production and application of materials, structures, devices and
systems.

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SOCIETAL IMPACTS

The societal impacts of new technologies are easy to identify

but hard to measure or predict. Nanotechnology will have
significant social impacts in the areas of:
• military applications
• intellectual property issues
• having an effect on labor
• balance between citizens and governments.

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MILITARY APPLICATIONS

The main aims of military research into

nanotechnology are to improve medical
and casualty care for soldiers, and to
produce lightweight, strong and multi-
functional materials for use in clothing,
both for protection and to provide
enhanced connectivity.

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CLOTHING
Nanotechnology has the potential to
revolutionize various industries,
including the textile and clothing
industry. Nanotechnology involves
manipulating and controlling materials
at the nanoscale, which is the scale of
atoms and molecules. When applied to
clothing, nanotechnology can offer
several benefits such as improved
performance, functionality, comfort, and
durability.
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EXAMPLES OF HOW
NANOTECHNOLOGY CAN BE
USED IN CLOTHING:
1.Stain resistance
2.Water repellency
3.Wrinkle resistance
4.Thermal regulation
5.UV protection
6.Antibacterial properties
7.Smart textiles
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ISSUES
-focuses on the integrated approach for sustained
innovation in various areas of nanotechnology. It
challenges a field of scientific endeavor; combined,
they present the nanotechnology field with a complex
legal landscape that will require skill and collaboration
to navigate.
A patent examiner may state that a nanostructured
product lacks novelty because the relevant
nanostructure material was present in an existing
product, even though the nanostructure material was
not recognized.

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ISSUES
1. Novelty and inventiveness
2. Commercialization potential
3. Complexity and interdisciplinary
nature
4. Nanoscale fabrication techniques
5. International collaboration and
standardization
6. Enforcement challenges
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EFFECT ON LABOR

Identified the following impacts of

nanotechnology products on labor:

• employment creation/destruction
• changes in sectoral distribution of the
workforce
• changes in the global spatial distribution
of the workforce and changes in
qualifications for jobs.
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BALANCE BETWEEN CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENTS
The nanotechnology can be expected to concentrate
political power in the hands of governments.
Nanotechnology can be expected to be applied to
further miniaturize and advance surveillance
technologies such as cameras, listening devices,
tracking devices, and face and pattern recognition
systems.
The improvements in the field of electronics and
computer memory that nanotechnology makes
possible capacity of government to collect, store, and
examine data. Developments in nanotechnology, can
therefore, be expected to increase significantly the
ability of governments to keep track of their citizens. 10
NANOTECHNOLOGY
a new hazard

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NANOTECHNOLOGY - A NEW HAZARD
Nanoparticles are likely to be dangerous for three main reasons:

1. Nanoparticles may damage the lungs. We know that 'ultra fine' particles from diesel
machines, power plants and incinerators can cause considerable damage to human lungs.
This is both because of their size (as they can get deep into the lungs) and also because
they carry other chemicals including metals and hydrocarbons in with them.

2. Nanoparticles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive system. This may
help create 'free radicals' which can cause cell damage and damage to the DNA. There is
also concern that once nanoparticles are in the bloodstream they will be able to cross the
blood-brain barrier.

3. The human body has developed a tolerance to most naturally occurring elements and
molecules that it has contact with. It has no natural immunity to new substances and is more
likely to find them toxic.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
and its benefits to the society

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BENEFITS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many
technology and industry sectors: information technology, homeland security,
medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science, among
many others.

However, a single milligram of gold nanoparticles currently costs about $80

(depending on the size of the nanoparticles). That places the price of gold
nanoparticles at $80,000 per gram while a gram of pure, raw gold goes for about
$50

Nanotechnology offers the potential for new and faster kinds of computers, more
efficient power sources and life-saving medical treatments.
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 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY
Recent research done by scientists at the
University of Bath and Bristol has used
nanotechnology to develop a pacemaker that
could help prevent heart failure and extend the
lives of those who have suffered from
cardiovascular disease. The study explains
that the heart beats in correlation with the
lungs, causing rhythmic patterns that allow the
heart to function efficiently. That is to say, our
rate of breathing directly influence to our heart
rate. Cardiovascular disease throws off
variations in heart rate that synchronize with
lung inflations, causing a discordance that can
lead to heart failure. 15
 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
In food science, the use of nanotechnology can potentially elongate
the life of fruits and vegetables. This could be achieved, for
example, by putting nanoparticles of silver into foods to work as an
antibacterial agent.These nanoparticles would not be a large
enough component of the food to have a harmful effect or alter the
flavor. In fact, many food manufacturers already use
nanotechnology in food.

The Food and Drug Administration doesn’t have a specific stance

on nanotechnology. However, the organization has recently
requested that companies using nanotechnology consult it to
discuss the product. This could include a wide range of products
including medical services, foodstuffs and cosmetics, though the
FDA is specifically focused on the latter two. It would appear for the
moment the FDA mainly wants to be considered a consultant when
companies opt to use nanotechnology. Skin moisturizers, sunscreen
and other cosmetics have been using nanoparticles for some time,
but the FDA generally has less control over this industry.
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 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of nanotechnology in
regard to agriculture is the potential for artificial
photosynthesis to be utilized in regard to solar power.
Scientists have used a device called a water splitter which
allows hydrogen to be produced to create power when the
sun is not directly shining. But this device relies silicon,
which corrodes quickly when put in contact with electrolytes,
and therefore in the past has only been able to be used in
short durations.Using nanotechnology to develop solar
energy could potentially increase sustainability. Scientists at
the University of Stanford prevented a silicon-based water
splitter from corroding by plating it with two nanometers of
nickel. Plating the silicon cell with nickel has lead to
promising results, but additional testing is needed to make
the fueling method cost effective.
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ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology comes with some risks, specifically in regard
to food, as products utilizing the technology haven’t undergone
heavy testing and are not currently subject to labeling. The
reason organizations such as the FDA are yet to take a strong
stance on nanotechnology products is because there is yet to
be any definitive evidence that nanoparticles are a safety risk.
The organization wants to prudently catalog and monitor
product development, but does not have any reason to inhibit
usage. However, some advocacy groups attest that the lack of
labeling and regulation on nanoproducts has a harmful societal
impact.12 The focus of these groups, such as Friends of the
Earth, is to change policy to have food products that use
nanoparticles labeled. Additionally, the organization focuses on
potentially toxic nanoparticles found in sunscreen and
cosmetics.
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CLIMATE CHANGE
AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
KMQuinto
 CLIMATE CHANGE
a change in global or regional climate patterns, in
particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century
onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of
atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

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CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

I. Generating power
II. Manufacturing goods
III. Cutting down forests
IV. Using transportation
V. Producing food
VI. Powering buildings
VII.Consuming too much

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 I. GENERATING POWER
Generating electricity and heat by
burning fossil fuels such as coal,
oil and natural gas causes a large
chunk of global emissions. Most
electricity is still produced from
fossil fuels; only about a quarter
comes from wind, solar and other
renewable sources.

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 II. MANUFACTURING GOODS

Manufacturing and industry

produce emissions, mostly from
burning fossil fuels to produce
energy for making things like
cement, iron, steel, electronics,
plastics, clothes and other goods.
Mining and other industrial
processes also release gases.

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 III. CUTTING DOWN FORESTS
Cutting down forests to create
farms or pastures, or for other
reasons, causes emissions, since
trees, when they are cut, release
the carbon they have been
storing. Since forests absorb
carbon dioxide, destroying them
also limits nature’s ability to keep
emissions out of the atmosphere.
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 IV. USING TRANSPORTATION
Most cars, lorries, ships and
planes run on fossil fuels. That
makes transportation a major
contributor of greenhouse gases,
especially carbon-dioxide
emissions. Road vehicles account
for the largest part, but emissions
from ships and planes continue to
grow.
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 V. PRODUCING FOOD
Producing food requires energy to
run farm equipment or fishing
boats, usually with fossil fuels.
Growing crops can also cause
emissions, like when using
fertilisers and manure. Cattle
produce methane, a powerful
greenhouse gas. And emissions
also come from packaging and
distributing food
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 VI. POWERING BUILDINGS

Globally, residential and

commercial buildings consume
over half of all electricity. As they
continue to draw on coal, oil and
natural gas for heating and
cooling, they emit significant
quantities of greenhouse gas
emissions.

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 VII. CONSUMING TOO MUCH
Your home and use of power,
how you move around, what
you eat and how much you
throw away all contribute to
greenhouse gas emissions.
So does the consumption of
goods such as clothing,
electronics and plastics.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOLS
KMQuinto
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
finalized in 1987 is a global agreement to
protect the stratospheric ozone layer
by phasing out the production and
consumption of ozone-depleting
substances (ODS). ODS are substances that
were commonly used in products such as
refrigerators, air conditioners, fire extinguishers,
and aerosols. 30
KYOTO PROTOCOL
an international treaty which extended the 1992
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change that commits state parties to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
based on the scientific consensus that global
warming is occurring and that human-made
CO₂ emissions are driving it.
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CARTAGENA
PROTOCOL
an international agreement
managing the movement of
living modified organisms
from one country to another. It
aims to protect nature from the
potential risks posed by such
organisms by establishing
procedures countries can use
to make informed decisions on the
import of such organisms. 32
MADRID PROTOCOL
Protocol on Environmental Protection
to the Antarctic Treaty .
It provides for comprehensive
protection of Antarctica, the last great
wilderness on earth. The Protocol was
adopted in 1991.

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IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
including economic, geopolitical, biological,

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 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The frequency and intensity of

extreme weather all over the world
can damage factories, supply chain
operations and other infrastructure,
and disrupt transport. Drought will
make water more expensive, which
will likely affect the cost of raw
materials and production.
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 GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change acts as a powerful force

multiplier of geopolitical risk. Accelerated by
population growth and declining water
resources, climate change can drive rapid and
radical structural changes in affected countries'
economies and demographics.
Specifically, water rights, access, management,
climate change effects, and other water risks are
drivers of geopolitical conflicts in areas where
river basins lie across national borders. There is
an increasing unreliability of fresh water supplies
where many risks and factors coalesce,
amplifying increasing water risk.
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 BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change can disrupt the match

between organisms and their local
environment, reducing survival and
reproduction and causing subsequent
impacts on populations or species'
distributions across geographic regions.
Climate change may benefit some
species and cause extinction for others.

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 HOW CAN WE APPLY STS CONCEPTS
TO THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
I. Research, as well as scientific and technical innovation, will be critical to
saving the environment, reducing the impact of global warming, helping in
adapting to climate change, cleaning up polluted areas and taking care of
our own health.
II. Some of the most recognized and important eco-friendly tech
advancements in recent years have been in the clean energy sector.
Renewable sources of energy like solar, wind and hydroelectric power have
become much more widespread, as well as cheaper.
III. New technologies are increasingly improving research on migration,
human-wildlife conflict, relocation and re-introduction of species, and
predator-prey interactions. Technology could also be applied to strategically
assess biodiversity hotspots where human interference should be limited.
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THANK
YOU
Technology alone will
not solve all problems
in the earth, We
human beings has to
exert effort and
respond individually to
fight climate change.