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The document discusses the differences between Western and Eastern philosophies regarding the concept of self, highlighting that Western thought emphasizes individualism while Eastern thought focuses on collectivism. It outlines three branches of self: private, public, and collective, and explores various Eastern philosophies such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism, each offering unique perspectives on self and relationships. The document concludes with an emphasis on the importance of self-cultivation and moral character in Confucian thought.

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19 views32 pages

REPORT UTS

The document discusses the differences between Western and Eastern philosophies regarding the concept of self, highlighting that Western thought emphasizes individualism while Eastern thought focuses on collectivism. It outlines three branches of self: private, public, and collective, and explores various Eastern philosophies such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism, each offering unique perspectives on self and relationships. The document concludes with an emphasis on the importance of self-cultivation and moral character in Confucian thought.

Uploaded by

giandacian18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Social

Construction
Of the self in
western thoughts
Social Construction of
the self in western
thoughts

In Western thought the self is


understood primarily as an autonomous
ego whose existence is distinct from
that of others, in the East, it is often
argued there is no meaning of self that
is independent of our relations to others.
The self is irreducibly social.
Difference between
Western and Eastern
thoughts

Western philosophy is mainly used in


the Western parts of the world, such as
in the European countries, while the
Eastern philosophy is prevalent in Asian
countries. Western philosophy deals
with Individualism while Eastern
Philosophy is related to Collectivism.
Both philosophies center on virtues.
was a Professor Emeritus at the
Department of Psychology of
the University of Illinois at Urbana–
Champaign. He was considered a
pioneer of cross-cultural psychology
and his research focused on the
cognitive aspects of attitudes, norms,
roles and values in different cultures.
HARRY C.
TRIANDIS
The Self and Social
Behavior in Differing
Cultural Contexts

focused on presenting the


three branches of
understanding human
personality development.
Likely, these three branches
primarily include the private,
public, and collective self of an
individual.
PUBLIC
information about the self, or an
integrated view of the self, that is
conveyed to others in actions,
self-descriptions, appearance,
and social interactions. An
individual’s public self may vary

Private depending on the target or


audience of such impressions.
The public self is often contrasted
COLLECTIVE
consists of those
the part of the self
that is known mainly
with the private self, which may aspects of the
be similar to or different from the
to oneself, such as self one reveals to others.
self that are
one’s inner feelings based on
and self-concept. It memberships in
may be similar to or
different from
social groups or
the public self one categories..
reveals to others.

3 BRANCHES
OF SELF
The self as embedded
in relationships, and
through spiritual
development and
confucius thought
WESTERN THOUGHTS

Emphasized the The emphasis


Conducts scientific
importance of
investigations in the scientific methods is
effort to understand of investigation to individualistic
the self & have provide satisfactory rather than
developed theories answers of
and difference among understanding the relational
EASTERN THOUGHTS

 Raises questions about


the ultimate meaning
of human life

 Developed theories of
self as they have
investigated what it
means to be a human
being
Consciousness

Emotions

Feelings
Ones relationships to other people and the
world
Eastern thoughts
aim at
transformation in :
Eastern THOUGHTS

The emphasis is Self is considered Eastern


relational rather than not in isolation but
in relation to theories are
individual
others, society, and highly
the universe practical
Eastern THOUGHTS

They offer a variety of Do not utilize


techniques for
the scientific
cultivating a deeper
understanding of the techniques of
self investigation
Closer look to
different Eastern
thoughts

1.BUDDHISM
2.HINDUISM
3.TAOISM
4.CONFUCIANISM
BUDDHISM
Comes from the root
word “budh” meaning
awake.
Founded by Siddhartha
Gautama also known as
Buddha
According to the
teachings of Buddhism
all human has a seed of
enlightenment
5 Skandhas of Buddhism
 Form- physical form (body)
 Sensation- our 5 senses
 Perception– our reasoning,
thinking and our cognition
 Mental formations- habits,
prejudices, and
predispositions
 Consciousness- awareness
of or sensitivity to an object or
situation, but without
conceptualization
 There is no self
 There is only nothing and all
else is an illusion
 There is nothing but change
Anicca
 Literally means
impermanence
 Means that everything in life
is always changing , that
nothing last forever.
 The ideal is to experience
nirvana, a state of
transcendence devoid of
self – reference.
 This state of
transcendence can be
achieved through
meditation
HINDUISM
 The religions of ancient
people known as Aryans.
 Hindus believed that
“The goal of man is to have
knowledge of true reality.”
-BRAHMAN
 Law of Karma is the most
important doctrine of
Hinduism.
 What goes around
comes around
 Karma does not end
with a body’s death,
it’s influence may
extend through
incarnation of the soul.
TAOISM
 Chinese philosophy
attribute d to Lao Tzu
 The self is an extension
of the cosmos, not of
social relationships.
 The self is describe as
one of the limitless
forms of Toa
 The Toa is commonly
regarded as a nature
that is the foundation
of all that exist
 The perfect man has no
self and the selfless
person leads to a
balanced life, in
harmony with both
nature and society
CONFUCIANISM
 Confucianism was
founded by Kong
Zhongni
 He is known in the west
as Confucius
 Born in the period of
Zhou Dynasty in the
State of Lu
Confucianism is centered
on
REN
(goodness)
Can be manifested
through
Li Xiao
Yi
(Propriety) (Filiality)
(Rightness)
REN
 Human goodness
 What makes humans different
from beasts.
LI
 Rule that should be followed
to guide human actions.
 These are customs, traditions,
and norms.
XIAO
 Respect for family
 Family is the training ground
to the development of Xiao.
YI
 Right way of behaving
 Unconditional and absolute
 Right is right and what is not
right is wrong .
 Important feature of Confucian
thought is the individuals greatest
mission of attaining self-realization
wherein self-cultivation is
instrumental.
 Self cultivation could be
accomplished by knowing's one
role in the society and act
accordingly.
 Moral character is perfected
through continuously taking every
opportunity to improve one self in
thought and action.
Thank You
Fo r L i s t e n i n g !

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