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Lecture 24 Redox

The document explains oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, emphasizing changes in electron ownership, with examples and rules for assigning oxidation numbers. It includes mnemonic devices like 'LEO-GER' and 'OIL-RIG' to help remember that losing electrons is oxidation and gaining electrons is reduction. Additionally, it provides practice problems for identifying oxidation states and determining which elements are oxidized or reduced in given reactions.

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takkanishk
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5 views

Lecture 24 Redox

The document explains oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, emphasizing changes in electron ownership, with examples and rules for assigning oxidation numbers. It includes mnemonic devices like 'LEO-GER' and 'OIL-RIG' to help remember that losing electrons is oxidation and gaining electrons is reduction. Additionally, it provides practice problems for identifying oxidation states and determining which elements are oxidized or reduced in given reactions.

Uploaded by

takkanishk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OXIDATION-REDUCTION (REDOX) REACTIONS

see pages text 458-466


REDOX REACTIONS ALL INVOLVE
CHANGES IN ELECTRON OWNERSHIP
EXAMPLE #1: (w/demo)
+1 0
Mgo + 2H+  Mg2+ + H2
0 +2
Mg loses 2 e- Losing is oxidation
Each H+ gains 1 e- Gaining is reduction
Oxidation-Reduction:
Remembering which is which…..
Leo-Ger
Lose electrons = oxidation
Gain electrons =reduction
Oxidation-Reduction:
Remembering which is which…..
Oil-Rig
Oxidation is losing
Reduction is gaining
Qualitative Features of REDOX Reactions

•Often involves gross changes in state


(solid gas or solution)

•Extreme changes in energy


(fire, light, explosions)

• prime engine of living metabolisms


(if you breathe, you redox…)
How to know if a reaction is a `redox’
reaction: assign OXIDATION NUMBERS
RULES: (SEE PAGE 171 TABLE 4.2)
1) PURE UNCHARGED ELEMENTS HAVE 0
OXIDATION #

0 0 0 0 0 0
H2 O2 N2 Fe Cu Au
To emphasize, metals often written Mo
Example: Fe  Feo
How to know if a reaction is a `redox’
reaction: assign OXIDATION NUMBERS
RULES: (SEE PAGE 171 TABLE 4.2)

2) OXIDATION # OF A CHARGED ATOM IS THE


CHARGE ITSELF

-1 +3 +1 -2
F- Co3+ H+ S2-
How to know if a reaction is a `redox’
reaction: assign OXIDATION NUMBERS
RULES: (SEE PAGE 171 TABLE 4.2)
3) F (AND USUALLY THE OTHER HALOGENS) ARE -1
in binary and larger compounds
-1 -1 -1* -1*
NaF HCl NCl3 SiOF2

* Each atom of Cl or F is -1
How to know if a reaction is a `redox’
reaction: assign OXIDATION NUMBERS
RULES: (SEE PAGE 171 TABLE 4.2)
4) O IS -2 EXCEPT IN PEROXIDES (X-OO-Y)
WHERE IT IS -1
-2 -2 -2* -2*
H2O NaOH K2CrO4 NaMnO4
* Each atom of O in compound is -2
-1 -1
PEROXIDE
HOOH =H2O2
STRUCTURE
How to know if a reaction is a `redox’
reaction: assign OXIDATION NUMBERS
RULES: (SEE PAGE 171 TABLE 4.2)
5) H IS +1 FOR COVALENT COMPOUNDS
(AND MOST IONIC ONES TOO)

+1 +1* +1* +1*


HCl NH3 H2O CH4
*Each H in the compound is +1
PRACTICE ASSIGNING OXIDATION #
Provide oxidation # for all elements below
N2 N=0
O2 O=0
H2O H=+1 O= -2
Fe2O3 Fe=+3 O= -2
H= +1 O= -2 S=+6
H2SO4
PRACTICE ASSIGNING OXIDATION #(cont.)

0 +1 -1 +2 -1 0
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Which element oxidized ? Mg
Which element reduced ? H

0 +2 +6 -2 +3 +6 -2 0
2Al(s) + 3CuSO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 Cu(s)
Which element oxidized ? Al
Which element reduced ? Cu
What are the oxidation # for H, Mn
and O in HMnO4
A. H=+1, Mn=+3, O=-1 25% 25% 25% 25%

B. H=+1, Mn =+7, O=-2


C. H=0, Mn=8, O =-2
D. H=-1, Mn = 9, O=-2
What is oxidized and reduced in the
reaction: PbO + COPb+CO2
25% 25% 25% 25%
A. O reduced, Pb oxidized
B. C reduced, Pb oxidized
C. Pb reduced, O oxidized
D. Pb reduced, C oxidized

d d d d
i ze
diz e i ze
diz e
o xid ox
i
o xid ox
i
, Pb , Pb d ,O d ,C
c ed c ed u ce u ce
du du re
d re
d
re re
O C Pb Pb
What is oxidized and reduced in the
reaction: CH4 +O2CO2 +H2O
25% 25% 25% 25%
A. C oxidized, O reduced
B. H oxidized, C reduced
C. C oxidized, H reduced
D. O oxidized. C reduced

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