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078bce051

The document provides an overview of ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting in buildings, detailing their definitions, functions, systems, and design guidelines according to NBC standards. It explains the importance of ventilation in maintaining air quality and temperature control, the benefits of air conditioning for comfort and efficiency, and the necessity of proper lighting for indoor activities. Additionally, it outlines guidelines for natural and artificial lighting, including daylight factors and requirements for adequate illumination in habitable spaces.

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Gaurab Thapa
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3 views17 pages

078bce051

The document provides an overview of ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting in buildings, detailing their definitions, functions, systems, and design guidelines according to NBC standards. It explains the importance of ventilation in maintaining air quality and temperature control, the benefits of air conditioning for comfort and efficiency, and the necessity of proper lighting for indoor activities. Additionally, it outlines guidelines for natural and artificial lighting, including daylight factors and requirements for adequate illumination in habitable spaces.

Uploaded by

Gaurab Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

• Ventilation
• Introduction
• Function of ventilation
• System of ventilation
• Design of ventilation as per NBC
• Air Conditioning
• Introduction
• Lighting
• Introduction
• Daylight factor
• Types of lighting
• NBC guidelines for good lighting
Ventilation
Definition: Ventilation is
the intentional movement of
air within a space to improve
indoor air quality by
introducing fresh air and
expelling contaminants,
such as moisture, carbon
dioxide, smoke, and airborne
pollutants.
Function of ventilation:
a. Maintain carbon dioxide concentration of air
within safe limits and to provide sufficient oxygen
content in air for respiratory.
b. Removal of products of combustions.
c. Elimination of foul odors.
d. Prevention of suffocation.
e. Temperature control.
f. Minimization of pollutant buildup.
g. Control of moisture level thereby preventing mold
formation.
4% CO2 in air by volume in an enclosed space

Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)


System of ventilation:
a. Natural ventilation
It is the supply of fresh air to flow into a space and stale air to
exit naturally, using opening like windows, doors, vents, driven
by winds or temperature difference.

Fig: Temperature driven


Fig: Wind driven natural
natural ventilation
ventilation Source: Todd, S.. “Water bath modelling of transient
Source:
NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIR MOVEMENT CONCE and time dependent natural ventilation flows.” (2016).
PT ⋆ Archi-Monarch
b. Mechanical Ventilation
It uses fans, ducts, or system to actively move and exchange air
in a space, ensuring consistent airflow and air quality.

Fig: Mechanical Ventilation


Source: Ventilation Types & Indoor Air Quality Solutions - PBM
Standards and design of ventilation according to
NBC-206-2003
a. For natural ventilation, openable exterior opening ≥
1/20th of the floor area.
b. For ventilation spaces for water closets and bathroom,
the minimum ventilation area should be 1 m2.
c. When such ventilation requirements are not met, the
same shall be assured via mechanical ventilation.
Air conditioning
Definition: Air
conditioning may be
defined as the process of
treating air to control
simultaneously its
temperature, humidity,
purity and distribution to
meet the requirements of
the conditioned space.
Advantages of air conditioning:
a. Helps to maintain heath, comfort and convenience of
occupancy of residential buildings.
b. Makes commercial premises such as shops, banks, offices,
etc. more active and efficient.
c. Makes comfortable environment in theaters, halls, etc.
d. Avoids sluggish or lethargic mood of the people.
Lighting
• Lighting inside a building is
necessary to illuminate the
interior and its contents to
perform the day-to-day
tasks like reading, walking
up or down stairs and
carryout other indoor
activities.
• Visible light is the band of
electromagnetic radiation
of wavelength 380-780 nm.
Day light
• Natural source of light.
• Heat in the form of radiation and light is received from sun.
Day light factor:
• It is the ratio of internal illumination in a certain point of
building with the simultaneous outdoor illumination.

Where, Ei= indoor illumination at a point


Eo= outdoor illumination from unobstructed sky
To calculate Ei, the amount of outside light received inside of the
building must be known.
Illuminance(Ei) = SC+ERC+IRC

SC= Sky component


ERC = Externally reflected component
IRC = Internally reflected component

Source: Rizal, Yose & Robandi, Imam & Yuniarno, Eko mulyanto. (2016).
Daylight Factor Estimation Based on Data Sampling Using Distance Weighting.
Result interpretation of Daylight factor:
As per CIBSE(Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers)
Under 2% - Not adequately lit – artificial lighting is required all
the time
Over 5% - Well lit – Artificial lighting generally not required,
except at dawn and dusk
Types of lighting:
a. Natural Lighting
• Source of natural light is sun.
• Placement, size, type and orientation of opening are important
for penetration of light into building.
• Poorly designed glazing, admitting too much solar radiation at
the wrong time of a day or period of the year leads to
overheating and thereby increased energy consumption and
need of mechanical cooling.

Source: Building Technology textbook


b. Artificial Lighting
• Artificial lighting system provides sufficient illumination for the
performance of visual tasks in the absence of natural light.
• Generally static and unchanging lights are used where
brightness can be manipulated as required.
• Quality of lighting varies according to the light diffusion, color,
and brightness.
Sources of artificial lighting are:
I. Fluorescent lamp
II. Filament lamp
III. Halogen lamp
IV. Induction lighting
V. Sodium vapor lamp
NBC-206-2003 guidelines for lighting in buildings:
• All habitable rooms(not less than 2 m x 2 m) shall have
admission of light through external wall openings ≥ 1/10th the
floor area of the room.
• Admission of light is permitted through internal courtyard
having minimum dimension of 3 m x 3 m.
• No portion of the room shall be considered naturally lighted if
it is more than 7.5 m away from the opening.
• If such requirements are not fulfilled, then artificial lightening
devices must be installed.
NBC 206:2015 guidelines for Lights and ventilation
in buildings

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