TA 111A - Engineering Graphics

Lecture 17: Intersection of Lines and Solids

(Using Line-Plane concepts)

Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-

1
Plane Relationship
 Summary of Presentation
• Introduction
• Why is it important?
• Reduction of a Line-Solid problem to Line-Plane problem
• Recap of Line-Plane Problem
• Intersection of a Line and a Solid
• Case 1: Principal line with a principal plane of a solid
• Case 2: Inclined line with two principal planes of a solid
• Case 3: Oblique line with a principal plane of a solid
• Case 4: Oblique line with two principal planes of a solid
• Case 5: Oblique line with an inclined plane of a solid
• Main and Special cases
• Case 6: Oblique line with an oblique plane of a solid
• Case 7: Oblique line with two oblique planes of a solid
• Case 8: Line and solid cylinder
• Case 9: Line and curved surface of a cone
• Case 10: Two lines with a prism
Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-Plane Relationship 2
 Introduction

Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-Plane Relationship 3

 What is intersection and why is it important?

We will deal with intersection

of:
 Line with Line
 Plane with Line
 Plane with plane
 Solid with Line
Two surfaces that meet to  Solid with Plane
form a curve of intersection  Solid with Solid

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What is intersection and why is it important?

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What is intersection and why is it important?

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What is intersection and why is it important?

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 Reduction of a line-solid problem to line-
plane problem
• A solid is a finite closed volume in space bounded by
surfaces
• Intersection of line with solid equivalent to lines with
surfaces
• Bounding surfaces of a solid could be flat (plane) or
curved
• Already know intersection of lines and planes.
• Curved surfaces - surfaces with single or double
curvatures
• In this course, we will restrict ourselves to singly curved
surfaces (cylinders and cones) only

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 Reduction of a line-solid problem to line-
plane problem
• Singly curved surfaces can be obtained using straight
line generators. E.g., cylinders and cone can be
obtained by revolving a straight line about an axis
parallel and inclined to the line, respectively.
• Hence, the problem of intersection of line with singly
curved surfaces can be reduced to intersection
between appropriate lines.

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 Recap of line-plane problem

Edge view method

Cutting plane method

Surface Intersections I 10
Intersection of Line and Solid

Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-Plane Relationship 11

 Case 1: Principal line intersecting a principal
plane surface of the solid
• Principal Line here is a Horizontal Profile Line (AB)
AH

TL

PH
EV
BH
H
F P

EV
PF PP TL
BF.AF BP AP

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Case 1: Principal line intersecting a principal
plane surface of the solid
 Case 2: Inclined line intersecting two principal
plane surfaces of the solid
• Inclined line means inclined to two PPs, but parallel
to the other PP
EV
QH PH
AH BH

H
F P
BF
BP
PF
PP

EV
QP
QF EV EV
AF AP

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Case 2: Inclined line intersecting two principal
plane surfaces of the solid
Case 3: Oblique line intersecting a principal plane
surface of the solid
• Oblique line means inclined to all PPs

BH
BH
PH QH
PH EV
AH
AH EV
H H
F BP P F P
BF BF
EV PF PP EV QF BP
EV
QP
PP
AF AP PF
AF
AP EV

Line intersecting H plane Line intersecting F and P plane

Surface Intersections I 16
Case 3: Oblique line intersecting a principal plane
surface of the solid
Case 4: Oblique line intersecting two principal
plane surfaces of the solid
 Case 5: Oblique line intersecting an inclined
surface of a solid
• Inclined surface of a solid is perpendicular to one PP

BH
AH
AH
CH CH CH
EV BH
BH
H AH
F BF BP
BF P
EV
BF
CF CP EV
CF CF
AF AF AP
AF
Plane intersected Plane intersected Plane intersected
inclined to H and P inclined to F and P inclined to F and H

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Case 5: Oblique line intersecting an inclined surface of a solid
Case 5: Oblique line intersecting an inclined surface of a solid
Main and Special Cases

Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-Plane Relationship 22

Case 6: Oblique line intersecting an oblique plane
surface of a solid (Edge View Method)
AA
• Oblique line with

A
H
oblique plane R A,S A PA
TA
– Plane RST AH SH
TL
– Line AB BA
PH TH
RH
• Edge View vs H
BF
BH
BP

Cutting Plane F RF
PF
SF RP
PP
SP

Method AF TF TP AP
– Only one edge view is F P
required since you have
only one oblique plane
Surface Intersections I 23
Case 7: Oblique line intersecting two oblique plane
surfaces of a solid (Cutting Plane Method)
• Given are projections of a pyramid 2H
5H
and a line.
ZH
• Determine the points of
intersection of a pyramid with a line OH YH
• Cutting Plane Method 1H XH
– Apply cutting plane approach in line and
4H
planes of pyramid 3H
– More direct solution than edge view H
method F OF
YF
5F

4F
1F XF 2F ZF 3F

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Case 7: Oblique line intersecting two oblique plane
surfaces of a solid (Cutting Plane Method)
Case 8: Intersection of a line and curved
surface of a solid cylinder
BH
QH, Q’H

YH
PH, P’H
ZH
AH
H
F PF QF
BF
YF
ZF

AF
P’F Q’F

If the edge being pierced is in edge view, then the

piercing point is clearly identified in that view
Surface Intersections II 26
 Case 8: Intersection of a line and curved
surface of a solid cylinder
• The top view determines the two piercing
points as it is the edge view of the curved
surface

If the edge being

pierced is in edge
view, then the
piercing point is
clearly identified
in that view
 Case 9: Intersection of a line and curved surface
of a cone
1. Given a line and a cone. Find the
points of intersection
2. Take any points X and Y on given line,
get their projections in HP and VP
3. Pass a cutting plane passing through
the points V, X, and Y; extend it to VH
base and locate points S and R in VP XH
YH AH

N
4. Project S, R in HP view; S, R cuts cone BH
SH 2
M
RH
1H
at 1-2 at the base in HP; project 1-2 in H H
VF
VP F AF

5. M is the point of intersection of V-2 YF

with AB; and N is the point of N
intersection of V-1 with AB; project M XF M

and N in FV. BF
SF RF
2F 1F
6. Points M and N are the desired points
of intersection where the given line
pierces the given cone
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 5H, 10H 6H, 11H
RH 3H
2H XH
7H, 12H
9H, 14H YH
SH 4H
1H 8H, 13H

Case 10: Two lines H

F
pierce a prism 5F 9F 8F 6F 7F
(self-reading 3F
purpose) 2F
XF
RF
4F
YF
1F SF

10F 14F 13F 11F 12F

 THANK YOU

Space Geometry IV: Line-Plane & Plane-Plane Relationship 30