WELCOME TO READING

AND WRITING SKILLS

CLASS!
Critical Reading as Looking
for Ways of Thinking
Explicit and Implicit Claims
in a Text
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
Differentiate the types of claims;
Classify statement according to its type; and
Formulate a statement for each type of claim.
EXPLICIT INFORMATION
 It refers to information found or read in the text.
 The meaning is not vague; no further explanation is needed.
 Readers can see the piece of information stated in the given passage
 Directly stated in the text
 Stated in the given passage.
 Since you are looking for explicit information in what is read, the
explicit information will be written in the text.
EXPLICIT INFORMATION
Example 1: "Bambie did not like cats and had never owned one.“
Explanation: The reader could obviously tell about Bambie's position on
cats. It is directly presented in the text that Bambie did not like cats.
EXPLICIT INFORMATION
Example 2: I am in a hurry. We'll talk about it later.
Explanation: The speaker had obviously mentioned that he is in a hurry
and he has no time to chat with someone at the moment. Hence, there
is no room for doubt because everything is clearly and directly
communicated.
 IMPLICIT INFORMATION
 It refers to information not directly stated in the text.
 Readers need to read between the lines to understand the details
that the writer is trying to tell.
 Implicit is implied or understood though not plainly or directly
expressed.
 IMPLICIT INFORMATION
 The implicit text gives a clue.
 The implicit idea is the primary point of a sentence or passage that is
not clearly stated but hinted at by the text's details.
 To figure out an implicit idea, one must look at the supporting details
in the text.
 Figuring out what people are talking about through their actions
refer to implied ideas.
 IMPLICIT INFORMATION
Example 1: "Bambie moved away from the cat; she'd never owned one.”
Explanation: This doesn't say the words that Bambie didn't like cats, but
it is the feeling that you get when you read it. It is stated in the text that
Bambie moved away from the cat. This gives the readers a clue that
Bambie did not like cats.
 IMPLICIT INFORMATION
Example 2: Seated on a couch, Gang Tae looks at his watch and yawns
several times.
Explanation: Gang Tae's looking at his watch and yawning several times
implies that he is bored.
 “Congratulations, Rosie! Your parents must be proud of
you.” the teacher greeted her with delight. It was graduation day
and Rosie managed to stand on stage and delivered her speech
in front of her fellow graduates and guests. She ended her
speech thanking her Alma mater and her parents and said, “Let
us trust God’s plan.”
Rosie left the stage with tears in her eyes as the clicking of
the medals could be heard from afar.
As she approached her parents, they kissed her and gave
her a big hug and uttered, “we love you, dear! Your success is
our success. We will surely celebrate at home.”
1. The teacher congratulated Rosie.
Answer: EXPLICIT
2. Rosie stood on stage and delivered her speech.
Answer: EXPLICIT
3. Rosie was full of happiness.
Answer: IMPLICIT
4. Rosie was a hard-working and intelligent student.
Answer: IMPLICIT
5. The parents of Rosie promised to celebrate her success.
Answer: EXPLICIT
Identify EXPLICIT and IMPLICIT
information

“Once upon a time… as a merchant set off for

the market, he asked each of his three daughters
what they would like as a present on his return.
The first daughter wanted a brocade dress, the
second a pearl necklace, but the third, whose
name was Beauty, the youngest, prettiest and
sweetest of them all, said to father: “All I’d like
is a rose you’ve picked specially for me!” –
Beauty and the Beast, fairy tale.
Identify EXPLICIT and IMPLICIT
information

• The youngest daughter was the most modest.

• The youngest daughter was the most beautiful of
them all.
• Merchant wanted to buy gifts for his daughters.
• The youngest daughter wanted a rose.
• The name of the youngest daughter was Beauty.
ACTIVITY
 What is a claim?
A claim is an arguable statement that defines
your goal of the essay.
It is the central statement of a text where the
writer tries to prove his points by providing
details, explanations and other types of
evidence.
 Characteristics of a good
claim:
A claim should be argumentative and debatable.
A claim should be specific and focused.
A claim should be interesting and engaging.
A claim should be logical.
 TYPES OF CLAIM
CLAIMS OF FACT
CLAIMS OF POLICY
CLAIMS OF VALUE
 CLAIMS OF FACT
It asserts that a condition existed, exists, or
will exist and are based on facts or data.
A claim whether something is true or untrue
but there must always be potential for
controversy, conflict, or change.
 CLAIMS OF FACT
 something that has existed (past),
exists (present) or will exist (future)
which could also be verified using
actual evidence
 Questions to answer to check if a
claim is a CLAIM OF FACT:
 Can we investigate it through research or interview?
 Did it happen? Is it true? Does it exist? Is it a fact?
Examples:
1. Covid-19 and flu spread in similar ways.
2. Teens who engaged in unprotected sex will develop STDs, became
pregnant, and contract aids.
3. Tuberculosis was the oldest disease of mankind
 Questions to answer to check if a
claim is a CLAIM OF FACT:
 Can we investigate it through research or interview?
 Did it happen? Is it true? Does it exist? Is it a fact?
Examples:
1. Covid-19 and flu spread in similar ways.
2. Teens who engaged in unprotected sex will develop STDs, became
pregnant, and contract aids.
 CLAIMS OF VALUE
A claim that is based on preference such as likes or
dislikes, good or bad right or wrong, better or
worse

Usually compares two ideas against one another.

 these claims are often influenced by morals,
beliefs, and preferences.
 Questions to answer to check if a
claim is a CLAIM OF VALUE:
 Is it good or bad?
 Is it valuable or not valuable?
Examples:
1. Animal testing is the worst way to check medical products.
2. Abortions is immoral.
3. Traditional onsite learning is more effective than online
learning.
 CLAIMS OF POLICY
Statements that argue that something needs to be
done. May it be making a law or calling for action.
A claim of policy usually has the modals should,
must, and ought to.
a statement present ideas as solutions to
problems, usually involving groups,
organization or society in general
 Questions to answer to check if a
claim is a CLAIM OF POLICY:
 What should be done?
 What should we do about it?
Examples:
1. Marijuana should not be legalized because many individuals will abuse it.
2. Legislation must be passed to stop the sale of cigarettes.
3. Violators of the community quarantine should be subjected to manual
labor rather than imprisonment.
QUICK ACTIVITY
Cellphones pull students away from
learning.

CLAIM OF FACT
TikTok should undergo censorship,
privacy, and child safety.

CLAIM OF POLICY
 It is totally unethical for Russia to not
share the Covid-19 vaccine with other
countries given that its technology from
which it was based “has been proven and
safe.”

CLAIM OF VALUE
The haircut policy should be lifted in
all schools.

CLAIM OF POLICY
Euthanasia is immoral.

CLAIM OF VALUE
 Gregorio del Pilar ordered the
execution of Andres Bonifacio and
General Antonio Luna.

CLAIM OF FACT
DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTION OR
CLARIFICATION?