MANAGERS

DEFINITION
An individual carrying out managerial functions of
planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling is
called as manager
Thus, manager need to plan, organize, hire staff,
supervise staff, direct and guide the group of workers
in an organization in persuit of organizational
objectives
The success of a firm largely rely on efficiency of
managers
FUNCTIONS OF
MANAGERS
The functions of managers are of diversified nature
and largely depends upon the size and type of
pharmaceutical concern
These functions includes action of planning, organizing,
staffing , directing, or leading and controlling
All of these functions are performed simultaneously
with more or less importance given to each function.
For example in newly established enterprise planning
function precedes all other functions
 PLANNING
Determination of course of action
Way and time to perform task
And persons required to accomplish it to achieve
organizational objectives
Planning starts with a decision, a commitment of
human, material resources or reputation following an
analysis or a proposal
It is a function of all managers
Character and amplitude of planning varies with each
managers authority and with the nature of policy and plan
outlined by supervisors
The ability to plan effectively is a principal factor in success of a
manager
A true manager is one who has been given a certain degree of
choice and planning responsibility
The effectiveness of plan depends upon the degree to which
goals are achieved
ORGANIZING
Establishing an intentional structure of roles for people
to fill in the organization
Intentional in the way that all the tasks necessary to
accomplish goals are assigned to people who can do
them best
Purpose of an organizational structure is to help in
creating an environment for human performance
Designing an effective organizational structure is not
an easy managerial task
STAFFING
Filling in an keeping the filled positions in the
organizational structure
Identifying work force requirements and recruiting ,
placing , appraising , compensating, and training of
developing jobholders so that tasks are accomplished
effectively and efficiently.
It is a separate managerial function and performed by
a separate department.
Separate department is required for staffing due to:
1. Staffing of organizational demands knowledge
and approaches not usually recognized by
practicing managers, who often think of organizing
as just setting up structure of roles
2. Making staffing a separate function facilitates
placing an even greater emphasis on human
elements in selection , appraisal , career planning
and manager development.
LEADING
Process of influencing the people so that they
contribute to organization and group goals
It has to do predominantly with the interpersonal
aspects of managing
A manager needs to be an effective leader to rectify all
the problems related to employees desires , attitude ,
behavior and working.
Leading involves motivation, leadership styles ,
approaches and communication
CONTROLLING
Measurement and correction of workers performance in
order to ensure that enterprise objective and plan
devised to attain them are being accomplished
Planning and controlling are closely related and
may be viewed as blades of scissors that can only
work when used in pair
Controlling is the function of all managers forms MD to
supervisor
Basic control processes are
1. Establishing standards
2. Measuring performance against these standards
3. Correcting variations from standards and plans
CO ORDINATION
The essence of manager ship
For achieving harmony among individual efforts
towards the accomplishment of group goals
It is the central task of manager to reconcile difference
in approach , timing, efforts , or interests and to
harmonize goals to contribute ultimately the
organizational goals.
ROLES OF MANAGER
The basic functions of managers includes
1. Inter personal
i. figure head
ii. Leader
2. Informational
i. Monitor
ii. Disseminator
iii. Spokesperson
TYPES OF MANAGER
All the managers carryout managerial functions but the
time spent for each function may differ
The managers can be divided into three groups on the
basis of relative time spent for each managerial
function
1. Top level manager
2. Middle level manager
3. First level manager
TOP LEVEL MANAGER
Ultimate responsible for managing entire organization.
Few in number and report to board of directors of a
firm
Names given to them are Chief executive, Chief
executive officer, executive director, president.
Responsible to see overall planning for organization
Spend more time on planning and organizing than do
the lower level manager
Conceptual design and skills are value able but little
need for technical abilities
Manager utilizes technical abilities of his employees
MIDDLE LEVEL
MANAGERS
Beneath the top level managers
Responsible for work of managers at lower level
Sometimes supervise the operating personnel
Other titles are chief, departmental head and senior
manager
Spend less time on planning and organizing
Less need of conceptual skills
Technical skills gain importance
FIRST LEVEL MANAGER
Lowest level of managers
Responsible for work of operating employees
Work at interface b/w management and workforce
Other names are first level managers, or just
supervisors
Responsible for seeing routine operations
Extremely important for success of organization
Technical skills are important as compared to
conceptual knowledge
ABILITIES REQUIRED
FOR MANAGERS
Most of required perquisites are:
1. Knowledge base
2. Key skills ( technical , human and conceptual skills)
3. Intelligence
4. Creative
5. Ability to convince
6. Ability to communicate
7. Decision ability
8. Logical thinking approach
9. Sense of responsibility