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methods of safe disposal of waste

The document outlines various methods for the safe disposal of waste, including collection, segregation, storage, transfer, dumping, and composting. It emphasizes the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to minimize environmental impact and discusses the advantages of composting organic waste. Additionally, it highlights the challenges associated with landfills and the need for proper management to prevent pollution and health hazards.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views21 pages

methods of safe disposal of waste

The document outlines various methods for the safe disposal of waste, including collection, segregation, storage, transfer, dumping, and composting. It emphasizes the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to minimize environmental impact and discusses the advantages of composting organic waste. Additionally, it highlights the challenges associated with landfills and the need for proper management to prevent pollution and health hazards.

Uploaded by

shristiy271
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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METHODS OF SAFE DISPOSAL OF

WASTE

CONTINUATION OF WORKSHEET NO. - 8


SYLLABUS
• Methods of safe disposal - segregation,
dumping and composting.
• Need and methods for reducing, reusing and
recycling waste.
•Collection
•Segregation
•Storing
•Transfer and transportation
•Dumping
•Composting
• The waste may be solid, liquid or gaseous in
form. Hence, the methods of disposal of waste
also differ depending on the type of waste.
COLLECTION OF WASTE

• Responsibility of Municipality.
• Area-wise collection by covered vans.
• Day to day collection.
• Building material debris should be separately
collected and disposed.
SEGREGATION OF WASTES

Recyclable
waste

Hazardous
waste MSW Organic
matter

Debris
STORING WASTE
• Storage facilities according to
– Quantity of waste
– Areas in vicinity to residential
locations
• Collection bins must be covered
• Storage bins- easy to handle and
transfer into vehicles
• Avoid manual handling of waste
TRANSFER AND TRANSPORTATON OF WASTE

• Specially designed vehicles


• Covered
• Consistent network of collection and
well planned
• Bins must be emptied everyday to
prevent overflowing
DUMPING/LANDFILLS
• Landfills are large area on
the outskirts of cities where
the waste is deposited on
or in the ground and
covered with earth. Since
landfills are covered there is
minimum air pollution.
– Difficult to manage-
overcrowding of cities
• Factors which should be considered at the time of site selection for a
landfill:-
• Land requirement and its cost - the land selected for landfill must
depend on the quantity and quality of solid waste.
• Accessibility – the site must be located either centrally or near the
source of waste generation.
• Cover – a sanitary landfill requires at least 15cm cover of thick
compacted soil at the end of each day’s work.
• Climate – frequency of rainfall, velocity and direction of wind and
overall temperature are factors to be considered at a particular site
for landfill.
However different sites pose different problems:
• Bad odour.
• Contamination of surrounding water supplies, aquifers
and soil by leachate.
• Leachate :- leachate is formed when rainwater leaks
into the landfill. As water percolates through the
landfill, chemical processes turn it acidic.
• Creation of explosive methane gas.
• Compost is biodegradable organic waste converted into
useful organic manure.
• Garden waste like leaves, twigs, grass clippings, fruit peels
and vegetable peels, etc. are dumped into a pit. The pit is
covered with soil.
• Process of composting involves decomposition of organic
waste into humus known as compost which is a good
fertiliser for the plants.
• Earthworms are added in the compost pit to help convert
the wastes and decompose organic matter. Their droppings
also enrich the compost. This method is called
vermicomposting.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSTING
 Conversion of organic waste into valuable fertilizers.
 Reduction of the quantity of waste to be disposed by
householder.
 Recycling of organic materials and nutrients back into the
soil.
 It is a natural waste disposal system.
 Compost improves the texture of the soil.
 It aids plant growth.
 It increases the water holding capacity of the soil.
NEED AND METHODS FOR REDUCING,
REUSING AND RECYCLING WASTE.
People all over the world are looking for more sustainable
ways to dispose of the waste to save the environment.
There are two ways to solve this problem –
• To reduce generation of waste at source.
• To find suitable ways to turn waste into wealth i.e. turn it
into potential resource. Hence the basic concept of 3Rs-
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle plays the most important role
in the modern waste management strategy. Its aim is to
generate minimum amount of waste and to extract
maximum benefit from the waste generated or
produced.
REDUCING WASTE
Waste generation is human activity
So it’s obvious that we find ways to reduce
waste
• Replace plastic bags with cloth or paper bags
• Awareness for judicious use of products
• Purchase items which won’t harm the
environment
• Use eco-friendly and biodegradable products
• Convert household waste into compost
• Reuse goods as far as possible
• Throw waste in proper places
REUSING WASTE
 There are many things that can be reused with
a little change in appearance like:
 Old pieces of cloth- dolls, cushion covers,
doormats etc.
 New notebooks from unused pages of old
notebooks
 Reuse old tyres, tin can, glass bottles
 Handicrafts from waste materials
 Flyash from cement plant-
• cement substitute.
• Making of roads, filling up low lying areas.
• Making bricks.
RECYCLING WASTE
• Processing waste into raw material used for
further conversion into useful materials.
• Material can be from any kind of source.
• Waste must be segregated.
• Beneficial only if the cost of reprocessing is
obtained by its demand.
ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING.
Conserve natural resources
Reduce pollution
Examples-
• Recycling centers- wastes are sorted and sent
to manufacturers- usable materials
• Specialized recycling centers- for glass, metal
cans or paper.
EXERCISE
1. Why is it necessary to segregate waste at source?
2. Why precautions should be observed while collecting the waste?
3. Why should the waste bins be covered?
4. Why should be manual handling of waste be avoided?
5. How is waste transferred? What happens if the vehicles used for
transporting waste are not covered?
6. What are landfills? What factors must be kept in mind while
planning a landfill?
7. State the problems associated with landfills.
8. What is leachate? Why is it harmful for soil and water?
9. What is meant by composting?
10. State the advantages of composting.

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