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Atoms Secret Points

Atoms are the fundamental units of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with their atomic number determined by the number of protons. Elements, defined by their atomic number, are pure substances made of one type of atom and can be classified as metals, non-metals, or metalloids. The document also lists the first 20 elements of the periodic table, highlighting their atomic numbers and properties.

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5 views3 pages

Atoms Secret Points

Atoms are the fundamental units of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with their atomic number determined by the number of protons. Elements, defined by their atomic number, are pure substances made of one type of atom and can be classified as metals, non-metals, or metalloids. The document also lists the first 20 elements of the periodic table, highlighting their atomic numbers and properties.

Uploaded by

ninjamagician01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atoms, Chapter

Revision
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and the smallest unit of an
element that retains its chemical properties. Each atom consists of three main
subatomic particles:
1.Protons – Positively charged particles found in the nucleus.
2.Neutrons – Neutral particles also present in the nucleus.
3.Electrons – Negatively charged particles orbiting around the nucleus in
energy levels or shells.
The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, while the
total number of protons and neutrons gives its mass number. Atoms can form
molecules through chemical bonding (ionic or covalent). They also exhibit
isotopes (same element, different neutron count) and ions (charged atoms due
to gain or loss of electrons).
Elements
• Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom. Each element is defined by its atomic number (number of
protons) and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• Properties of Elements:
1. Atomic Number – Determines the identity of an element.
2. Symbol – Each element has a unique chemical symbol (e.g., H for Hydrogen, O for Oxygen).
3. Metal, Non-metal, or Metalloid – Elements are classified based on their properties.
4. State of Matter – Elements exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
5. Isotopes – Some elements have atoms with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons.
• Classification of Elements:
• Metals – Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile (e.g., Iron, Copper).
• Non-metals – Poor conductors, brittle, can be gases or solids (e.g., Oxygen, Carbon).
• Metalloids – Have properties of both metals and non-metals (e.g., Silicon, Boron).
Periodic Table Elements (20)
1.Hydrogen (H) - 1
2.Helium (He) - 2
3.Lithium (Li) - 3
4.Beryllium (Be) - 4
5.Boron (B) - 5
6.Carbon (C) - 6
7.Nitrogen (N) - 7
8.Oxygen (O) - 8
9.Fluorine (F) - 9
10.Neon (Ne) - 10
11.Sodium (Na) - 11
12.Magnesium (Mg) - 12
13.Aluminum (Al) - 13
14.Silicon (Si) - 14
15.Phosphorus (P) - 15
16.Sulfur (S) - 16
17.Chlorine (Cl) - 17
18.Argon (Ar) - 18
19.Potassium (K) - 19
20.Calcium (Ca) - 20
These elements include metals, non-metals, and noble gases, and they are arranged in increasing order of atomic number in
the periodic table.

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