CHAPTER - 3

WORKING DRAWING

 Working drawings are construction drawings

• Drawings which includes all details required per city,
country, and federal guidelines.
• These are the documents to which the architect, owner,
and/or government officials will hold the contractor
responsible.
Construction Documents
• Drawings – plans ,elevations, section …
• Contract Forms- Municipal vs client, client with contractor and consultants
• Specifications - Describe materials & installation methods
• Bidding Requirements other

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 Introduction
Construction drawings
are used to communicate the architectural and engineering design of a
construction project.
There are Various kinds of construction drawings, includ­ing
 residential drawings
 commercial drawings
 landscaping plans
 shop drawings and
 industrial drawings etc…are used in construction.

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 Working drawing Presentation
drawing
 are called ‘renderings’
are used in construction projects and show  used for presentations and
different views of the subject such as a  they are not intended to show
building floor plan, elevations, sections... construction details.

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Basic Components of Construction Drawings
Drawings are usually arranged in the approximate order of construction. A set of drawings
consists of:
• Architectural (A‐1, A‐2, …) Roof plan ,floor plan, elevation drawing , section drawing, detail
drawing, door ,window schedule and materials used
• Structural (S‐1, S‐2, etc):General notes, foundation plan, beam, column, slab drawings
and materials used.
• Mechanical (M‐1, M‐2, etc ): motors , piping system, building heating and cooling
system(ventilation)
• Plumbing/sanitary (P‐1/ SN-1, P‐2, etc): plumbing layout(hot and cold water) and fixtures,
sewage
• Electrical (E‐1, E‐2, etc,):electrical supply and distribution, socket and lighting layout
• Schedule Organized method of presenting lists of materials
• Civil work (landscape) (C‐1, C‐2, etc): Arial view of the building location
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A- Architectural Working Drawings

Architectural drawing includes the elements listed below.

These are:-
• Location plan/map
• Site plan
• Floor plans
• Elevation drawings
• Section drawings

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 1. LOCATION MAP/LOCATION PLAN
As we can understand from the name of the term it is the plan or map which
guides us to the location of the project site. The main purpose of this plan is
to let us know the project location.
It includes: -
• Street name
• Land mark
• Northing
• Street Access
• Scale
• Existing structures Etc.
• Purpose
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 2. SITE PLAN
It is the plan which briefly describes the project site and its surrounding in a block or
neighborhood. It includes: -
• Northing
• Infrastructures around the site
• Site management (septic tank location, greenery area, main building area, parking
area etc.)
• Contour
• Dimension
• Legend
• It should show the site entrance, Scale, Existing structures, Proposed structures

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3. FLOOR PLANS
It is the most important construction drawing because…
• Provide more information than other drawings like elevation, section, site
plan etc.
• Reveal contents and details of building components, material, location,
dimensions etc.
• Acts as a base for the generation of other drawing.

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FLOOR PLANS

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4. ELEVATION DRAWINGS
• An exterior or interior Side view of a building
• It contains a Vertical height dimensions which provides the viewer
with better understanding of the scope and complexity of a project
than any other architectural drawing.

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5. SECTION DRAWINGS
• Sections are an orthographic projection that has been cut apart to show
interior features.
• Sections are very important in multistory design because they are easiest way
to study stair and attic headroom.
• Extra space can often be found in section drawing that is difficult to spot in
plain view.

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 6. Roof plan

It is a building plan seen from above/top of a building which;-

• Show the roof drains.
• Indicate the roof slope.
• Show all chimneys, gas heater stacks, roof vents, etc.
• Show any skylights & other structures or equipment extended
through or installed above the roof plane.
• Indicate the building and wall-section lines.
• indicate the type of roofing and insulation.
 7. Reflected ceiling plan
• This drawing is usually only needed for interior design
• important for designing light fixtures, ceiling fans, suspended
ceiling etc.
Shows ;
• ceiling materials
• Exposed beams
• All light fixtures
• Sky light
• Column
• Ceiling pattern
• Show interior dimension
8. Schedule
Organized method of presenting lists of materials
i.e. doors, windows.
• Help keep drawings clear and understandable
• Location, size, material, & other info.
 B. Structural Drawings
• Structural drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that
shows

Building structural material types

Structural reinforcement
Specific dimensioning and
those all falls within the structural elements.

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 …It includes
• Beam ST reinforcement
• Column ST reinforcement
• Slab ST rein.
• Roofing systems
• Vertical circulations like stairs
• Foundation pads
• Structural Details
• And any other construction
elements

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 Foundation plan
• This is a drawing that shows the location
of foundation wall, concrete footing etc.
which requires to support a structure.
• This is also a base for the design of
structural framework of the building.
• Dimensions must be coordinate with
the floor plan dimension
• Usually drawn at the same scale as
floor plan
 Details
are an enlarged drawings with large scales
that provide essential specific clear
information.
are used to express and define areas that
requires emphasis.
 includes all especially for architectural &
structural elements (including all elements that
need to be enlarged)

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Drawing parts that needs to be detailed.

• Wall section
• Stair
• Chimney
• Door and window
• Foundation
• Roof details
• Ceiling details
• Building framing connection
• Built in cabinet detail
• Structural column & beam detailing

 detail drawings identified by circling up the area to be

magnified from the sectional view
 C. Sanitary Drawings
Sanitary drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building
project) that shows
Building sanitary installation systems,
• Water supply
• Sewerage or waste water &
• drainage system with their riser diagrams

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 D. Electrical Drawings
• Electrical drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building
project) that shows
Building electrical installation systems,
Lighting plan
Socket outlets plan
Data cables
 Architectural Symbols
Includes
• Building material symbols(hence; finishing material symbols.)
• Electrical installation symbols
• Sanitary installation symbols
• Mechanical installation symbols
• Landscape design symbols

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See other more from the
note
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