Scribd
Upload
2 views

Copy of Molar Ratio and Percent Composition

The document explains the concepts of mole ratios, percent composition, empirical formulas, and molecular formulas in chemistry. It details how to balance chemical equations, calculate mole ratios, and determine the percent composition of compounds. Additionally, it provides examples and steps for finding empirical and molecular formulas based on given mass percentages.

Uploaded by

Mechelle Constante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Copy of Molar Ratio and Percent Composition

The document explains the concepts of mole ratios, percent composition, empirical formulas, and molecular formulas in chemistry. It details how to balance chemical equations, calculate mole ratios, and determine the percent composition of compounds. Additionally, it provides examples and steps for finding empirical and molecular formulas based on given mass percentages.

Uploaded by

Mechelle Constante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

Molar Ratio

and Percent
Composition
REACTANT PRODUCTS
N2 S
+3 2 NH3
H2
WHAT ARE MOLE RATIOS?
Reactants
product
N +3H
2 2 2 NH3
Coefficient = # of moles

1 mol N2 : 3 mol
H2

3 mol H2 : 2 mol
NH3
How are equations balanced?
3 Steps

1. Count the atoms on both sides


2. Change coefficient and multiply out
3. Check tally (and repeat)

NOTE: you can’t change the subscripts


EXAMPLE:
N2 + H 2 NH3
N: 1 x 2 H: N: 1 x 1
1x2 H: 1 x 3

UNBALANCED
EXAMPLE:
N2 + H 2 2 NH3
N: 1 x 2 H: N: 2 x 1
1x2 H: 2 x 3

UNBALANCED
EXAMPLE:
N2 + H
32 2 NH3
N: 1 x 2 H: N: 2 x 1
3x2 H: 2 x 3

BALANCED
LIST ALL THE MOLE RATIOS FOR:
CH4 + O2 CO22 +
C: 1 x 1 H12
O: C: 1 x 1 H:
2 1
x2 x2
H: 1 x 4 O: 1 x 2

BALANCED
LIST ALL THE MOLE RATIOS FOR:
CH4 + O2 CO22 +
4 H2O
1 mol CH : 1 mol 2 1 mol O2 : 2 mol C02
1 mol CH4: 1 mol CO1
2 mol O2 : 2 mol H2

1 mol CH4: 2 mol H2 1 mol CO2 : 2 mol H2

1 mol O2 : 1 mol C02


Use the mole ratios as conversion
factors.
CH + O
4 2 CO + 2
2
H2 of CH , how
If there are 8 moles 4
many H2
can be produced?
Use the mole ratios as conversion
factors.
CH + O
4 2 CO + 2
2
H2 of CH , how
If there are 8 moles 4
many H2
1 mol CH4: 2 mol H2
can be produced?
2 mol H2
8 mol CH4 = 16 mol
1 mol H2
x
CH4
Use the mole ratios as conversion
factors.
CH + O
4 2 CO + 2
2
H2of O is needed to
How many moles 2
produce 15 CO2?
1 mol O2: 1 mol CO2

1 mol O2
15 mol CO2 = 15 mol
x 1 mol O2
CO2
LEARNING CHECK.
Balance and list all the mole ratios
Na + O
for:
2 Na O 2

How many moles of Na is needed to


produce 12 moles of Na2O?
Answer

If there are 8 moles of Na, how


many Na2O can be produced?

If there are 24 moles of O2, how


many Na2O can be produced?
Percent Composition
Percent Composition

Percent composition expresses the


mass of each component element per
100 mass units of compounds.
The percent composition of an element
in a compound is the mass (g) of an
element divided by the mass (g) of the
compound multiplied by 100.
Steps:
1. Find the molar mass of the compound.
2. Get the percentage of each element in the
compound by dividing the mass of the element with
the molar mass of the compound.
3. Multiply by 100.
Calculate the percent composition
of H and O in water (H20).
Molar Mass:
H - 2 x 1.01 g/mol = 2.02
g/mol
18.02
O - 1 x 16. 00 g/mol = 16.00
2.02
g/mol
％ H = g/mol X 100 =g/mol
11.21
18.02 ％
g/mol ％ O = 16.00 X 100 = 88.79
g/mol ％
18.02
ANSWER

Calculate the percent composition of the


elements found in NaOH.
PAIR ACTIVITY (1 whole sheet of
paper)

Answer no. 1 (a-e) of


Check Your
Understanding, page
146.
Empirical and Molecular
Formula
Empirical Formula
- Simplest formula that a compound can
have.
- Empirical formulas are an accurate
measurement to predict the formula of
an ionic compound, whereas it only
provides a ratio and not an exact
description of subscripts of elements in
a covalent compound.
A compound with percent
composition of 17.5 g N and
3.75 g H was recently found
out. Determine the empirical
formula of the compound.
Element Given mass (g) Mole (mol)

N 17.5 g 17.5 g ÷ 14.0 g/mol =


1.25 mol

H 3.75 g 3.75 g ÷ 1.0 g/mol =


3.75 mol
Element Given mass (g) Mole (mol) Mole Ratio

N 17.5 g 17.5 g ÷ 14.0 g/mol 1.25 ÷ 1.25 = 1


= 1.25 mol

H 3.75 g 3.75 g ÷ 1.0 g/mol 3.75 ÷ 1.25 = 3


= 3.75 mol
From the table, the empirical formula of the
compound can be deduced as

NH3
Determine the empirical formula of
5.4 g C, 0.6 g H
What is the empirical
formula of a compound
containing 34.58% Al,
61.54% O, and 3.88% H?
What is the empirical formula of a
compound containing 34.58% Al,
61.54% O, and 3.88% H?

Al - 34.58 g
O - 61.54 g
H - 3.88 g
From the table, the empirical formula of
the compound can be deduced as
AlO3H3. This can be taken as the ionic
compound aluminum hydroxide,

Al(OH)3
What is the empirical formula of the
compound containing 55.26% K, 14.59% P,
30.15% O?
Molecular Formula
- the actual number of atoms found in a
compound.
- “multiple of simplest formula”.
- It also reveals the identity of the
molecule itself.
Refer to the steps found on page
296-297 of Quarter 2 book.

● Use the empirical formula C5H4 to get the empirical mass.

C: 5 x 12.01 amu = 60.05 amu -> 60.05 g

H: 4 x 1.008 amu = 4.032 amu -> 4.032 g

Empirical mass = 64.082 g


Refer to the steps found on page
296-297 of Quarter 2 book.

● Compute the ratio of the molar mass to the calculated


empirical mass. Label this value as n.

n = molar mass ÷ empirical mass

n = 128 g ÷ 64.082g

n=2
Refer to the steps found on page
296-297 of Quarter 2 book.

● Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula with n to


derive the molecular formula.

Molecular formula: (empirical formula)n

Molecular formula: (C5H4)2

C10H8
What is the molecular formula of styrene if
its empirical formula is CH? The molar mass
of the compound is 104g.

You might also like