HEALTH,

SAFETY
& ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES
AND PRACTICES
Session
Session Norms
Norms
 IBRAHIM ARIF
• Ibrahim Arif an HSE&Q Professional with above 30 years of practical work experience in
Chemical Industry .

• Have worked at various assignments including 16 years leadership role as HS&E Manager with
ICI Pakistan and AkzoNobel Pakistan.
• Practicing Lead Assessor for OHSAS-18001, ISO-14001 and ISO-9001 Standards.
• M.Phil-OHS and PGD-OHS from CEES-PU Lahore
• M.S in TQM with a background of B.Sc-Engg in Chemical Engineering.
• Certified Energy Manager by NPO, Ministry of Production, Pakistan.
 Member of Manufacturing Excellence System Assessors group developed by NPO-Pakistan under PMQA
Scheme.
 Special Interest:
– Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Management,
– HAZOPs and Fire Risks Assessment,
– HSE&Q Management Systems development,
– HS&E Capacity Building Trainings
– Resource Conservation and Energy Auditing.
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES of EHS Major
Topics
• Lecture-1: Principles and Practices
• Lecture-2: OHS MS & ISO-45001:2018
• Lecture-3/4: Accidents Investigation
• Lecture-5/6: Ergonomics
• Lecture-7: Management of Change
• Lecture-8/9: Industrial Hygiene Management
• Lecture-10: Toxicology
• Lecture-11: Chemicals Safety and Understanding SDS
• Lecture-12: Observation Skills
• Lecture-13/14: Fire Management System and Fire Risk Assessments
 Global HS&E Standards

1. OHSAS-18001
2. ISO-14001
3. Responsible Care Management Standard
(RCMS)
4. OSHA
 OSHA Standards
Blood borne Pathogens 1910.1030
Hazard Communication 1910.1200
Respiratory Protection 1910.134
Occupational Noise Exposure 1910.95
Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178
Permit-required Confined Spaces 1910.146
Lockout/Tag out 1910.147
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
1910.120
Guarding Floor & Wall Openings and Holes 1910.23
Personal Protective Equipment 1910.132

https://
www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&p_toc_level=1&p_keyvalue=1910
 RCMS: KEY AREAS OF PERFORMANCE FOCUS

 Managing improvement
 Heath and safety of employees and contractors
 Security of people and assets
 Product stewardship
 Emergency response and community awareness
 Asset integrity and process safety
 Site environmental protection & pollution
prevention

7
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---
publ/documents/publication/wcms_093550.pdf
 Learning Objectives
• Students will be able to know:
– Basic EHS Principles as specified by ILO and to be
implemented by all member nations.
– The EHS Practices which need to be put in place to
conform to EHS Principles.
– OHS Management System mapping vs. EHS
Principles
 Scope and Purpose of OSH Standards
Conventions and Recommendations on occupational safety
and health may serve several purposes, acting as:

• Fundamental principles to guide policies for promotion,

action and management;

• General protection measures,

– for example, guarding of machinery, medical examination of young workers
or limiting the weight of loads to be transported by a single worker;

• Protection in specific branches of economic activity,

– such as mining, the building industry, commerce and dock work;
 Scope and Purpose of OSH Standards
Conventions and Recommendations on occupational safety
and health may serve several purposes, acting as (cntd)
• Protection of :
– specific professions (for example, nurses and seafarers) and
– categories of workers having particular occupational health needs (such as women or
young workers);
• Protection against specific risks (ionizing radiation,
benzene, asbestos);
• Prevention of occupational cancer;
• Control of air pollution,
• Noise and vibration in the working environment;
• Measures to ensure safety in the use of chemicals,
including the prevention of major industrial accidents;
• Organizational measures and procedures relating,
– for example, to labour inspection or compensation for occupational injuries and
diseases.
 Major ILO Instruments concerning
Occupational Safety and Health in general
• Protection of Workers’ Health Recommendation, 1953 (No. 97)
• Occupational Safety and Health Convention (No. 155), and
Recommendation (No. 164), 1981
• Occupational Health Services Convention (No. 161), and
Recommendation (No. 171), 1985
• Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention (No. 174),
and Recommendation (No. 181), 1993
• List of Occupational Diseases Recommendation, 2002 (No. 194)
• Protocol of 2002 to the Occupational Safety and Health
Convention, 1981 (No. 155)
• Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health
Convention (No. 187), 2006, and Recommendation (No. 197),
2006
 Examples of ILO Instruments concerning
specific Risks and Substances
• Radiation Protection Convention (No. 115), and
Recommendation (No. 114), 1960
• Occupational Cancer Convention (No. 139), and
Recommendation (No. 147), 1974
• Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration)
Convention (No. 148), and Recommendation (No. 156),
1977
• Asbestos Convention (No. 162), and Recommendation (No.
172), 1986
• Chemicals Convention (No. 170), and Recommendation
(No. 177), 1990
 ILO instruments concerning safety and health
in specific branches of Economic Activity
• Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention (No. 120),
and Recommendation (No. 120), 1964
• Occupational Safety and Health (Dock Work) Convention
(No. 152), and Recommendation (No. 160), 1979
• Safety and Health in Construction Convention (No. 167),
and Recommendation (No. 175), 1988
• Safety and Health in Mines Convention (No. 176), and
Recommendation (No. 183), 1995
• Safety and Health in Agriculture Convention (No. 184) and
Recommendation (No. 192), 2001
 OS&H-ILO Codes of Practice
• Prevention of major industrial accidents, 1991
• Safety and health in construction, 1992
• Safety in the use of chemicals at work, 1993
• Recording and notification of occupational accidents and
diseases, 1995
• Guidelines on occupational safety and health management
systems, 2001
• Ambient factors in the workplace, 2001
• HIV/AIDS and the world of work, 2001
• Safety and health in the non-ferrous metals industries, 2003
• Safety and health in underground coalmines, 2008
How the core OSH standards relate to ILO
standards on other issues
 ILO- Core OSH Principles
1. All workers have rights.
2. Occupational safety and health policies must be
established
3. A national system for occupational safety and health
must be established.
4. A national programme on occupational safety and
health must be formulated.
5. Social partners (that is, employers and workers) and
other stakeholders must be consulted
6. Occupational safety and health programmes and
policies must aim at both prevention and protection

Benjamin O. ALLI - Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety -Second Edition INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA
 Core OSH Principles (cntd)
7. Continuous improvement of occupational safety and
health must be promoted.
8. Information is vital for the development and
implementation of effective programmes and policies.
9. Health promotion is a central element of occupational
health practice.
10. Occupational health services covering all workers
should be established
11. Compensation, rehabilitation and curative services
must be made available to workers who suffer
occupational injuries, accidents and work related
diseases.

Benjamin O. ALLI - Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety -Second Edition INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA
 Core OSH Principles (cntd)
12. Education and training are vital components of safe,
healthy working environments.
13. Workers, employers and competent authorities have
certain responsibilities, duties and obligations.
14. Policies must be enforced.

Benjamin O. ALLI - Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety -Second Edition INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA
 Quality Management Principles
 Customer focus;
 Leadership;
 Engagement of people;
 Process approach;
 Improvement;
 Evidence-based decision making;
 Relationship management.
 FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

• Principle 1: Responsibility for safety

– The prime responsibility for safety must rest with the person or
organization responsible for facilities and activities that give rise to
radiation risks.

• Principle 2: Role of government

– An effective legal and governmental framework for safety, including an
independent regulatory body, must be established and sustained.

• Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety

– Effective leadership and management for safety must be established
and sustained in organizations concerned with, and facilities and
activities that give rise to, radiation risks.
 FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

• Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities

– Facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks must
yield an overall benefit.

• Principle 5: Optimization of protection

– Protection must be optimized to provide the highest level of
safety that can reasonably be achieved.

• Principle 6: Limitation of risks to individuals

– Measures for controlling radiation risks must ensure that no
individual bears an unacceptable risk of harm.
 FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

• Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations

– People and the environment, present and future, must be
protected against radiation risks.

• Principle 8: Prevention of accidents

– All practical efforts must be made to prevent and mitigate
nuclear or radiation accidents.

• Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response

– Arrangements must be made for emergency preparedness
and response for nuclear or radiation incidents.
 FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

• Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or

unregulated radiation risks
– Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated
radiation risks must be justified and optimized

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/ch11.pdf
10 Principles of Ergonomics
• Principle 1:Work in Neutral Postures
• Principle 2: Reduce Excessive Force
• Principle 3: Keep Everything in Easy Reach
• Principle 4: Work at Proper Heights
• Principle 5: Reduce Excessive Motions
• Principle 6: Minimize Fatigue and Static Load
• Principle 7: Minimize Pressure Points
• Principle 8: Provide Clearance
• Principle 9: Move, Exercise, and Stretch
• Principle 10: Maintain a Comfortable Environment

http://www.danmacleod.com/ErgoForYou/10_principles_of_ergonomics.htm
 Principles of Auditing
• Integrity : The foundation of professionalism
• Fair presentation: The obligation to report truthfully and accurately
• Due professional care: The application of diligence and judgement
in auditing
• Confidentiality: Security of information
• Independence: The basis for the impartiality of the audit and
objectivity of the audit conclusions
• Evidence-based approach: The rational method for reaching reliable
and reproducible audit conclusions in a systematic audit process

37
 ICI - Principles and Beliefs
1. All work related injuries and illnesses are preventable. Our
goal is zero harm.
2. All escapes of hazardous materials can be prevented and
emissions in the course of operation will progressively be
reduced towards zero.
3. We will adhere to the highest standards for the safe disposal of
waste materials.
4. Energy, water and resources, both natural and man made, will
be utilised efficiently. We will minimise waste.
5. New products can be developed which have increasing margins
of safety for users and the environment throughout their life
cycle.
6. Everyone should be involved in the HSE improvement process.
 ICI-Principles and Beliefs
7. Line management are accountable for leading the continuous
improvement in HSE performance to defined goals.
8. Everyone has a personal responsibility for their own safety and
health, for others in the workplace and for the environment in
which they work. Safety and good health are equally important
away from work and will be encouraged.
9. ICI contractor HSE performance will be managed by them to the
same standards.
10. Information on HSE performance will be made available to those
around us.
 Du Pont Ten Principles of Safety Management
1. All injuries and occupational 6. Deficiencies must be corrected

illnesses are preventable. promptly.

7. All unsafe practices, incidents

2. Management is directly
and injury accidents will be
responsible for doing this.
investigated.
3. Safety is a condition of 8. Safety away from work is as
employment. important as safety at work

4. Training is required. 9. Incident prevention is cost-

effective; the highest cost is
5. Safety audits and
human suffering.
inspections must be carried
10. Employees must be actively
out. involved.
Shell-Life Saving Rules
EHS Safe Practices
• Implementation of HSE Management System.
• Documents Management System
• Employee Consultation Process
• Employee Competence Assessment
• Training Need Assessment.
• Training
• Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk
Management.
• Incidents / Accident Reporting System.
• Incidents / Accidents Investigation
EHS Safe Practices
• HSE related KPIs and monitoring
• HSE Strategy, HSE Objectives / Targets
• Management of Change
• Equipment Safe Design
• Process Safety Management
• Fire/Fire Prevention/Mitigation
• Emergency Response Management
• Knowledge Management
EHS Safe Practices
• Process Safety Reviews
• HSE Performance Reviews
• HSE Continuous Improvement Plans
• Workplace Ergonomics
• Workplace Exposures Management
• Hazardous Materials / Chemicals Exposures
Management
 Which Operational Controls ??
Operational Controls Depend Upon the Activities being
undertaken and the respective hazards:
 Manufacturing
 Hospital / Health Services
 Warehousing
 Haulage
 Transportation
 Telecommunication
 Pharmaceutical
 Food etc.
 +++++++
 8.1: Operational Planning and Control
45001:2018

The organization shall plan, implement, control and maintain the

processes needed to meet requirements of the OH&S management
system, and to implement the actions determined in Clause 6, by:
a) Establishing criteria for the processes;
b) Implementing control of the processes in accordance with the
criteria;
c) Maintaining and retaining documented information to the extent
necessary to have confidence that the processes have been
carried out as planned;
d) Adapting work to workers.

At multi-employer workplaces, the organization shall coordinate the

relevant parts of the OH&S management system with the other
organizations.
 Operational control
A number of controls may be practised to ensure OH &
Safety, some of the controls in place are listed below:
a. Housekeeping
b. Control on Ignition sources i.e. Smoking, Mobile Phone,
Flame arrestors on Vehicles
c. Hazardous Area Classification and provision of Classified
Electrical Equipment / Classified Fork Lifts
d. Safe storage conditions for Raw Materials and Chemicals /
Segregation distances to be maintained as per
Compatibility studies for chemicals
e. Controls for introduction of new Raw Materials and
maintaining Chemical Substance Inventories
 Operational control (Contd)

f. Site Fire Risk Assessments / Fire Risk / Inventories reduction

g. Controls to minimise Static Charge generation and its
dissipation arrangements e.g. Earthing Leads / Arrestors
h. Assessments of new Warehouses for safe structures and
facilities.
i. Visitors’ controls / Access control to plant premises.
j. Permit to Work Systems, Entry to Confined Spaces, and Safe
execution of jobs involving height work.
k. Vehicles control on site premises.
l. Immobilisation of vehicles during loading / off loading.
m. Decanting of materials from incoming vehicles.
 Operational control (Contd)

m. Management of change to Buildings, Equipment,

Structures etc.
n. Inspection regime for portable fire safety equipment.
o. Inspection regimes for fixed fire safety equipment.
p. Electrical Safety.
q. Hazards Identification.
r. Introduction of manpower by service contractors.
t. HSE&S Incident recording & investigation.
u. Vehicle Incident prevention & reporting.
v. Driving Safety / Motor cycle safety.
Operational control (Contd)

t. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

u. Emergency Handling,
v. Controlling exposures to chemicals.
w. JSA / Review of Work Instructions ++++++
Assignment 1
• Identify at least three processes which
may be implemented for each of the
following:
– Consultation with employees.
– Prevention of injuries and ill health
– Protection of workers.
– Monitoring
– Continuous Improvement

Submission Deadline: Before Next Class

HS&E Scope

1. Employee and other People Safety

2. Employee Health
3. Environment Protection
4. Equipment Safety
5. Asset Integrity
6. Product Safety
7. Company Reputation
52
HS&E Focus Areas
a. Managing Improvement
b. Employee and Contractor Health & Safety.
c. Product Stewardship (including Distribution Safety)
d. Community Awareness and Emergency Response
e. Process and Equipment Safety
f. Environmental Protection and Pollution Prevention.
g. Resources Conservation
Thanks