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Permutation and Combination

The document explains the Fundamental Counting Principle, permutations, and combinations, providing examples of how to calculate possible outcomes in different scenarios. It illustrates the difference between permutations, where order matters, and combinations, where order does not matter, along with relevant formulas for calculations. Practice problems are included to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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Sheila Olinares
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Permutation and Combination

The document explains the Fundamental Counting Principle, permutations, and combinations, providing examples of how to calculate possible outcomes in different scenarios. It illustrates the difference between permutations, where order matters, and combinations, where order does not matter, along with relevant formulas for calculations. Practice problems are included to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Sheila Olinares
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental

Counting Principle
Lets start with a simple example.

A student is to roll a die and flip a


coin. How many possible outcomes will
there be?
1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H
6*2 = 12 outcomes
1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T

12 outcomes
Fundamental
Counting Principle
For a college interview, Robert has to
choose what to wear from the following: 4
slacks, 3 shirts, 2 shoes and 5 ties. How
many possible outfits does he have to
choose from?

4*3*2*5 = 120 outfits


Permutations

A Permutation is an
arrangement of items in a
particular order.
Notice, ORDER MATTERS!
To find the number of Permutations
of n items, we can use the
Fundamental Counting Principle or
factorial notation.
Permutations
The number of ways to
arrange the letters ABC:____ ____ ____

Number of choices for first blank? 3 ____ ____

Number of choices for second blank? 3 2 ___


Number of choices for third blank? 3 2 1

3*2*1 = 6 3! = 3*2*1 = 6
ABC ACB BAC BCA CAB CBA
Permutations

To find the number of Permutations


of n items chosen r at a time, you
can use the formula
n!
n pr  ( n  r )! where 0 r n .

5! 5!
5 p3   5 * 4 * 3 60
(5  3)! 2!
Permutations
Practice:
A combination lock will open when
the right choice of three numbers
(from 1 to 30, inclusive) is selected.
How many different lock
combinations are possible assuming
no number is repeated?
Answer Now
Permutations
Practice:
A combination lock will open when
the right choice of three numbers
(from 1 to 30, inclusive) is selected.
How many different lock
combinations are possible assuming
no number is repeated?
30! 30!
30 p3   30 * 29 * 28 24360
( 30  3)! 27!
Permutations
Practice:
From a club of 24 members, a
President, Vice President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Historian are to be
elected. In how many ways can the
offices be filled?

Answer Now
Permutations
Practice:
From a club of 24 members, a
President, Vice President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Historian are to be
elected. In how many ways can the
offices be filled?
24! 24!
24 p5   
( 24  5)! 19!
24 * 23 * 22 * 21 * 20 5,100,480
Combinations
A Combination is an
arrangement of items in which
order does not matter.
ORDER DOES NOT MATTER!
Since the order does not matter in
combinations, there are fewer
combinations than permutations. The
combinations are a "subset" of the
permutations.
Combinations

To find the number of Combinations


of n items chosen r at a time, you
can use the formula
n!
C  where 0 r n .
n r r! ( n  r )!
Combinations
To find the number of Combinations
of n items chosen r at a time, you
can use the formula
n!
C  where 0 r n .
n r r! ( n  r )!
5! 5!
5 C3   
3! (5  3)! 3!2!
5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 5 * 4 20
  10
3 * 2 *1* 2 *1 2 *1 2
Combinations
Practice:

To play a particular card game,


each player is dealt five cards
from a standard deck of 52 cards.
How many different hands are
possible?
Answer Now
Combinations
Practice: To play a particular card game,
each player is dealt five cards
from a standard deck of 52 cards.
How many different hands are
possible? 52! 52!
52 C5   
5! (52  5)! 5!47!
52 * 51 * 50 * 49 * 48
2,598,960
5* 4* 3* 2*1
Combinations
Practice:

A student must answer 3 out of 5


essay questions on a test. In how
many different ways can the
student select the questions?

Answer Now
Combinations
Practice: A student must answer 3 out of
5 essay questions on a test. In
how many different ways can
the student select the
questions?
5! 5! 5 * 4
5 C3    10
3! (5  3)! 3!2! 2 * 1
Combinations
Practice:
A basketball team consists of two
centers, five forwards, and four
guards. In how many ways can
the coach select a starting line
up of one center, two forwards,
and two guards?
Answer Now
Combinations
Practice: A basketball team consists of two centers, five
forwards, and four guards. In how many ways can the
coach select a starting line up of one center, two
forwards, and two guards?
Center: Forwards: Guards:
2! 5! 5 * 4 4! 4 * 3
2 C1  2 5 2
C   10 4 C2   6
1!1! 2!3! 2 * 1 2!2! 2 * 1

2 C1 * 5 C 2 * 4 C 2

Thus, the number of ways to select


the starting line up is 2*10*6 = 120.

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