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temporal database

A temporal database is designed to manage time-sensitive data, capturing the state of real-world information across time. It features various types, including Transaction-Time, Valid-Time, Bi-Temporal, Event-Time, and Snapshot databases, each serving specific purposes such as auditing, tracking validity, and logging events. While beneficial for applications in healthcare, education, government, and more, temporal databases face challenges like increased storage needs and complexity in maintaining data consistency.

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14 views21 pages

temporal database

A temporal database is designed to manage time-sensitive data, capturing the state of real-world information across time. It features various types, including Transaction-Time, Valid-Time, Bi-Temporal, Event-Time, and Snapshot databases, each serving specific purposes such as auditing, tracking validity, and logging events. While beneficial for applications in healthcare, education, government, and more, temporal databases face challenges like increased storage needs and complexity in maintaining data consistency.

Uploaded by

9308gkaviya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TEMPOR

AL
DATABASE
AN OVERVIEW
Temporal database is built in support for
handling time sensitive data.
In simpler words Temporal database stores
information about states of
real world across time. Any data that is time
dependent is called temporal data and these are
stored in Temporal database.
FEATURES
1.A time period datatype, including the ability
to represent time periods with no end
(infinity or forever).
2.The ability to define valid and transaction
time period attributes and bitemporal
relations.
3.System-maintained transaction time.
4.Temporal primary keys, including non-
overlapping period constraints.
5.Temporal constraints, including non-
overlapping uniqueness and referential
integrity.
6.Update and deletion of temporal records with
automatic splitting and coalescing of time
periods.
7.Temporal queries at current time, time points
in the past or future, or over durations.
8.Predicates for querying time periods, often
NOTATIONS

Valid time denotes the time period


during which a fact is true with respect to
the real world. .

Transaction time is the time period


during which a fact is stored in the
database.

Note that these two time periods do not have


to be the same for a single fact.
CATEGORIES
Transaction-Time Temporal Database
(TTDB)
Valid-Time Temporal Database
(VTDB)
Bi-Temporal Database
(BTDB)
Event-Time Temporal Database

Snapshot Temporal
Database
TRANSACTION-TIME
TEMPORAL
DATABASE
Definition: Tracks when data changes
occurred within the database system. It
records all modifications, maintaining a
history of transactions.

Case: Useful for auditing and rollback


scenarios.

Key Feature: Automatically logs timestamps for each


change.
Valid-Time Temporal Database
(VTDB)

Definition: Tracks the actual time period


when the data is valid or relevant in the
real world.

Key Feature: Stores data with "start" and


"end" validity periods.

Case: Useful for applications like contracts, insurance


policies, or employment records.
Bi-Temporal Database
(BTDB)
Defi nition: Combines both transaction time and valid time, tracking both when
data changes in the database and when it is valid in the real world.

Case: Ideal for complex systems that need detailed audit trails and real-world data
tracking.

Key Feature: Stores two sets of time columns: one for


transaction time and one for valid time.
Event-Time
Temporal Database
Definition: Focuses on the time when specific events occur,
regardless of transaction or validity periods.

Case: Used in systems that need to log discrete events, like


sensor data or logs.

Key Feature: Tracks discrete events with precise


timestamps.
Snapshot Temporal
Database
Definition: Captures the state of the
database at a specific point in time, creating
snapshots for reference.

Case: Used for backup and restore


operations or reporting purposes.

Key Feature: Creates a read-only


version of the database at specific
intervals.
PRIVILEGES
• It allows us to analyse , compare and examine
the trends, data, patterns and changes.
• It enables tracking and verifying data
updates across time, which is helpful for
compliance, regulatory requirements, and
forensic investigation.
• It records the day to day activities and the
status. For example-attendance and marks.
• Sometimes it acts like a proof for any legal
issues and complaints.
• It provides a detailed records of who
changed what data and when, which is crucial
LIMITATIONS
• Data storage is overloaded. More storage
space is frequently needed when storing
temporal data than with typical databases.
Temporal databases must preserve past
versions of the data, which can result in
higher storage.
• Expensive
• It may need specialized backup , recovery,
and archiving strategies.
• Maintaining multiple versions of same data
leads to redundancy, and increases
challenges in data consistency and integrity.
• It requires extra logic to avoid over-lapping
IN HEALTH CARE
• Patients history are noted in these databases
and can we reviewed by the doctors
whenever needed.
• All the medicine and vaccination and check-
up schedules can be recorded.
• Easy for evaluating the results and reviewing
health.
UNIVERSITY DATABASE
• Attendance is registered in apps or portal.
• Marks acquired in internals and semester are
entered and stored in the database.
• Any updates related to university are
informed there.
• Fee payment history are been noted.
• Online materials and online classes can be
scheduled and been noted.
GOVERNMENT
DATABASE
• All banks transactions and balance are noted
using Aadhar Card
• Data like Census, birth, death in a country are
noted and calculated using temporal
database.
• The details of traveling to various countries
are marked in database with respect to your
passport.
• Tax Payment history are noted.
• Renewal of any official govt details can be
done using this database.
COMPANY DATABASE
• Attendence is marked.
• Performance will be get updated year by year.
• Salary, loss or pay are calculated and shows
the status of the same.
• Work schedules are been updated.
• Companies use mail system and online
interfaces to get connect for meetings which
is
also a example of temporal database.
INSURANCE DATABASE

• Updation of policies are been updated as per


the company claims.
• Renewal of amount and the time of amount
renewed by the benefiter is noted.
• In case of accidents the date time and history
are noted by the agents and entered in the
database.
• Shares of the insurance company are also
recorded and displayed in their websites.
OTHERS
• Rooms booking
• Train tickets
• Theatre booking
• Online shopping
• Rental
• Food Delivery
• Google history
• Appoinments
APPLICATIONS
• ORACLE
• BOOKMYSHOW
• INSTAGRAM
• GMAIL
• MICROSOFT SQL SERVER
• IBM DB2
• ONLINEGDB.COM
Thank You!

ASIN
24IFTE005
JAFFIRA
24IFTE014
KAVIYA

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