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The Cell Power Point

The document provides an overview of cell theory, cell structure, and the differences between plant and animal cells. It explains key components such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus, highlighting the functions and characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Additionally, it discusses the organization of living things, from cells to organisms.

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paola andrea villafradez
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3 views

The Cell Power Point

The document provides an overview of cell theory, cell structure, and the differences between plant and animal cells. It explains key components such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus, highlighting the functions and characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Additionally, it discusses the organization of living things, from cells to organisms.

Uploaded by

paola andrea villafradez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview

Cell Theory

Cell Structure

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Differences between plant and animal cells


Glossary of terms

Cyto- cell

-logy study

cytology Study of cells

a specialised structure in the cell


organelle that performs a function for the
cell
cytoplasm (cytosol & organelles)
protoplas and the nucleus together
m
Cell Theory
Structural and functional units of all living organisms
e.g. animals, plants, fungi, bacteria

There are 2 types of organisms based on their cell


structure:
Eukaryotic These cells have a nucleus; they’re found in
animals and plants.

Prokaryotic These cells have no nucleus; they’re found


in bacteria.

The body is made of different cells that perform different


functions.
Cells vary in shape and size depending on their function.
Cells are microscopic and can only be seen under a
microscope.

Back to glossary
Cell Theory
All cells come from existing cells.

Though types of cells vary, some


components of cell structure are
common in all cells:
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus (in eukaryotic
cells)
Some organelles are also
common in cells:

• Mitochondria
• vacuoles

Back to glossary
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane

Cell a thin layer around the cell that separates it


Membrane from its environment

The membrane
Different
The cell membrane is selectively
substances
Organelles also havecontrols
need tothe
pass
membranes
permeable.
throughthem.
substances the that
cell for
pass
it through
to function
the cell.
around
properly
(4/4)
(3/4)
(2/4)
(1/4)

Back to glossary
Cell Structure
Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm includes all living parts of the


Cytoplasm consists of cytosol and cell
cell in the cell membrane (except the
organelles:
nucleus)

Cytosol is a colourless, watery, jelly


substance (70–90% water)
A mixture of substances dissolved in
water, e.g. salts, potassium, sodium, and
proteins

Cytosol is also where chemical reactions


take place.

Back to glossary
Cell Structure
Organelles

Cell organelles that make up the


cytoplasm:

mitochondria chloroplasts vacuoles

Vacuoles are organelles with a membrane, and contain mostly


water and other molecules.

The type and function of a new cell will determine the size and
number of vacuoles in the cell

Back to glossary
Organelles
Mitochondria

Surrounded by a double
membrane

Active cells have


more
mitochondria than
inactive cells

During respiration, mitochondria


combines oxygen with food
molecules, releasing the energy that
cells need to divide

Carbon dioxide, water, and waste =


the result of this process

Back to glossary
Organelles
Cell Wall

Only present in plant cells

Extra layer on the outside of the


cell membrane

Gives plant cell support and stability

Cell wall contains cellulose: helps to


keep the shape of the plant cell

The shape of the plant cell helps


to keep the plant upright and Back to glossary
rigid.
Organelles
Chloroplasts

Only present in plant cells

The only organelle that can


produce food from the sun’s
energy

Contains chlorophyll – enables


photosynthesis to take place

Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts and can’t


photosynthesise

Back to glossary
Organelles
Vacuoles

Present in plant cells

Liquid in the vacuole = cell


sap

Full Vacuoles help the plant stay rigid:


leaves and stem are firm, upright
Vacuoles are present in some animal
If a plant’s leaves and stem droop, the
cells but are smaller with a shorter
vacuoles have lost water.
lifespan.
This means the soil is too dry, and the
cell has used its water supply to
survive

Back to glossary
Organelles
Nucleus

Plant and animal cells have a nucleus in the cytoplasm

The nucleus controls chemical reactions and processes in the cell.

Nucleus also contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA molecules).

The structure of the nucleus:

Nuclear membrane = double membrane around the DNA

Nuclear membrane = porous for substances to pass through

Nucleolus is inside the nucleus

Back to glossary
Organelles
Nucleus

DNA is an important part of all cells and of all life.

DNA contains info about hereditary characteristics.

• E.g. eye and skin colour, allergies, or illnesses


passed down through generations
Differences in DNA = variation

In species, DNA variation leads to albino animals


or illnesses like sickle cell anemia.

Each Organism has unique DNA.

Back to glossary
The Difference Between Plant
and Animal Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Contain plastids: chloroplasts,


Do not contain plastids
chromoplasts & leucoplasts

Have cellulose cell wall No cell wall

Large central vacuole filled


Few vacuoles (if any)
with cell sap

Small, irregular rigid shape Large regular shape

Nucleus is located at the edge Nucleus is located at the


of the cell centre of the cytoplasm

Back to glossary
Cells, Tissues, Organs and
Systems
The Organisation of Living Things

Click on each arrow in turn to see more:

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

=
Plant Anima
l

Tissues are a clump of similar


Cells are the
Organs
Systems arebuilding
are groups block
a groupof of all
oftissues
organs
cells working together in the
organisms.
working together.
same way.

Back to glossary

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