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Elementry Component of Railway Track

The document outlines the essential components of a railway track, which include formation, ballast, sleepers, rails, and fastenings. It describes the functions and types of each component, emphasizing the importance of stability, load distribution, and drainage in track design. Additionally, it highlights the materials used for each component, with a focus on modern practices such as the use of concrete sleepers.

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3 views

Elementry Component of Railway Track

The document outlines the essential components of a railway track, which include formation, ballast, sleepers, rails, and fastenings. It describes the functions and types of each component, emphasizing the importance of stability, load distribution, and drainage in track design. Additionally, it highlights the materials used for each component, with a focus on modern practices such as the use of concrete sleepers.

Uploaded by

sse.usfd.sbp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEMENTRY COMPONENT OF

RAILWAY TRACK

RAJAT MATHUR/COURSE NO 24605/Refresher P.Way


Components of railway track
A Ralway Track is a combination of
1. Formation
2. Ballast
3. Sleepers
4. Rails
5.Fastenings
1. FQRMATIONS

Formation in general terms refer to the whole sub-grade and sub-soil which support the track
structure and its foundation,which includes ballast,sub ballast, blaket etc.

FUNCTION OF FORMATION.

. It provide a smooth and uniform bed on which the track is laid.


. It bear the entire load transmit to it through ballast
. It provide stability to the railway track
. It provide drainage to the raiway track.
2. BALLAST –

Ballast is the layer of crushed stones or rocks that is laid on


the formation to provide stability,drainage,and support to the
railway track.
It serves as a foundation for the track,keeping them aligned ,
maintaining proper drainage and distributing the loads exerted
by trains.
FUNCTIONS OF BALLAST
. It provide a suitable base for the

sleeper.
. It transfer and distribute load from
sleeper to the formation.
. It provide drainage and strength from
load carried by trains.
. It provides easy means of maintaining
the correct levels of two lines of a track
and correct track alignment.
PHYSICAL PTOPERTY OF GOOD
BALLAST

.It should be hard and tough


.It should wear resistance and
durable
.It should be weather resistance
.It should be cheaper and easy
available.
4. RAILS –
Rail is an iron beam.
Its main Function to provide a
continuous and level surface for the
movement of the trains with minimum
friction with steel wheels of the rolling
stock.
Rails provide strength ,durability and
lateral guidance to thr track.
Rails transmit the axle load to the
sleepers,which transfer the same load to
the underlaying ballast and formation.
TYPES OF RAILS –

. DOUBLE HEADED RAIL


. BULL HEADED RAIL
. FLAT FOOTED RAIL

At present time flat footed rail


are in used in Indian railway
FLAT FOOTED RAIL –
.It is in inverted T- shaped rail.
.They do not need any chair and
can be directly spiked or keyed to
the sleepers.
.They are much stiffer both
vertically and laterally.
. They are less liable to develop
crack and maintain a more regular
top surface than bull headed rail.
FASTENINGS –

The device used to connect rails and


sleepers together to form the track are
known as Fastenings.
TYPES OF FASTENINGS
.Fish plates
.BOLTS
.Chairs
.Keys
.Bearing plate
.Elastic rail clips
FISH PLATES –

Fish plate is a kind of metal plate


used to connect the ends of two
rails a continuous track.
At each joint a pair of fish plates is
used.
BOLTS –

Various types of bolts used with


each pair of fish plates.
Two,four and six bolts are used.
They are made up of high carbon
steel.
CHAIRS –

Chairs used for flat footed rails known


as bearing plates.
They increase the bearing area on the
sleeper and decrease the load intencity.

KEYS –

Keys are small and tapered steel


pieces that are used for connecting the
rails to chair on metal sleeper.
ELASTIC RAIL CLIPS –

These are the most widely used rail


clips. They are made of high grade
spring steel , and they provide excellent
elasticity and shock absorption.
Elastic rail clips are sutaible for both
light and heavy railway traffic and can
with stand high dynamic loads and
vibrations.
TYPE OF BALLAST

1. Broken stone
2. GRAVEL
3. Sand
4. Brick
5. Kankar
3. SLEEPERS
Sleeper is a load distributing components
of track structure which is laid
transversely to hold the rails.
Function of sleeper-
.Hold the rail in to correct gauge
.Keep the rail in firmly and even support to
the rail.
.Facilitate to transfer of wheel load to
ballast.
.To maintain the alignment of the track
TYPES OF SLEEPER
.Wooden sleeper
. Cast iron sleeper
. Steel trough sleeper
. Concrete sleeper

Wooden,cast iron and steel trough


sleeper have become obsolete and at
present concrete sleeper/PSC sleeper
are being used widely.
For certain specific location e.g.
girder bridge steel sleeper are used.
CONCRETE SLEEPER-

Concrete sleeper commonly


known as
Pre-stressed concrete
sleeper,mainly used due togreater
economy and shortage of timber.
DESIGN ASPECT

WIDTH -
The width of the railway track depends up on
1. Number of the track to be laid over it.
2. Gauge of the track.

HEIGHT-
The height of the formation depends upon the
topography and the gradient adopted.

SLIDE SLOPE –
Side slope depends up on the charactarstic of the
soil, Height of the embankment and Cutting.

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