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Rocks are naturally occurring aggregates of minerals and are classified into three main types: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of lava and magma, metamorphic rocks arise from the alteration of existing rocks due to pressure and temperature, and sedimentary rocks develop from the compression of sediments. Each rock type has distinct formation processes and characteristics.

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2 views5 pages

Lec_05

Rocks are naturally occurring aggregates of minerals and are classified into three main types: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Igneous rocks form from the crystallization of lava and magma, metamorphic rocks arise from the alteration of existing rocks due to pressure and temperature, and sedimentary rocks develop from the compression of sediments. Each rock type has distinct formation processes and characteristics.

Uploaded by

afier765
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Rocks are naturally occurring aggregation

of minerals (including hard and soft


materials), fossils or other hard materials.

 Rocks are classified by how they formed and


what they’re made of.

 There are 3 general classes of rocks.

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Classifying Rocks
• Igneous Rocks…are formed when lava and magma
crystallize to form solid rock
• Metamorphic Rocks…are formed when an existing
rock is partially melted, squeezed, or both
• Sedimentary Rocks…are formed when sediments
(sand clay, and silt) are compressed and become
solid rock
 Igneous
◦ Formed from a melt (molten rock)
◦ Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and
crystallization
◦ Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the
surface
 Sedimentary
◦ Formed at the Earth’s surface
◦ Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays)
◦ Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical
precipitates)
 Metamorphic
◦ Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.
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