Bangladesh Army University of Engineering &

Technology
Department of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE)

Fundamentals of ICT
ICE 1111
MURSHEDA NUSRAT DELLA
LECTURER
DEPT. OF ICE
BAUET
BASIC CONCEPTS OF
NETWORK

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

INDEX
 Definition & applications of computer network
 Components of computer network
 Network benefits
 Disadvantages of computer network
 Classification by their geographical area
 Network classification by their component role
 Types of servers

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS
 DEFINTION:
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or
more computers. It is done to enable the computers to
communicate and share available resources.
 APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resources such as printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to another computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among users via network
v. Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Components Of Computer Network
 Two or more computers
 Cables as links between the computers
 A network interfacing card(NIC) on each computer
 Switches
 Software called operating system(OS)

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

NETWORK BENEFITS
 The network provided to the users can be divided into two
categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Sharing Resources
 Types of resources are:
1. Hardware: A network allows users to share many hardware
devices such as printers , modems, fax machines, CD ROM,
players, etc.
2. Software: sharing software resources reduces the cost of software
installation, saves space on hard disk.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Other Benefits Of Computer
Network
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Disadvantages Of Networks
o High cost of installation
o Requires time for administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faults

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Classification Of Area By Their
Geography

NETWOR
K

PAN LAN WAN MAN CAN

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Local Area Network (LAN)
 LAN is a network which is designed to operate over a small physical area
such as an office, factory or a group of buildings.
 LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
 Exchange of information and sharing of resources becomes easy because of
LAN.
 In LAN all machines are connected to a single cable.
 Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus, ring, etc Can be used
 It is usually a privately owned network.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Wide Area Network (WAN)
 When network spans over a large distance or when the computers to be
connected to each other are at widely separated locations a local area
network cannot be used. A wide area network(WAN) is installed.
 The communication between different users of WAN is established using
leased telephone lines, satellite links and similar channels.
 It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone network for the link.
 Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of data between its
users.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Personal Area Network (PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer network organized around an
individual person.
 It generally consists of a mobile computer, a cell phone or personal digital
assistant. PAN enables the communication among these devices.
 It can also be used for communication among personal devices
themselves for connecting to a digital level network and internet.
 The PANs can be constructed using wireless or cables.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Campus Area Network (CAN)
 The campus area network is made up of an interconnection of LAN with
limited geographical area.
 Network equipments such as switches, routers and the transmission media
i.e. optical fibre etc are almost entirely owned by the campus owner.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
 It is in between LAN & WAN technology that covers the entire city.
 It uses similar technology as LAN.
 It can be a single network such as cable TV network, or a measure of
connecting a number of LAN’s o a large network so that resources can be
shared LAN to LAN as well as device to device.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

 WAN
LAN PAN

CAN

MAN

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Distinguish Between LAN,WAN,MAN
PARAMETE
LAN WAN MAN
RS
Ownership of
Private Private or public Private or public
network

Geographical
Small Very large Moderate
area covered

Design and
Easy Not easy Not easy
maintenance
Coaxial cables,
Communication PSTN or satellite PSTN, optical
Coaxial cable
medium links fibre, cables,
wireless

Bandwidth Low High moderate

Data
High Low moderate
rates(speed)

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Network Classification By Their
Component Role

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

PEER TO PEER NETWORK CLIENT SERVER

NETWORK

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

PEER TO PEER NETWORK
 In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for making its own
resources available to other computers on the network.
 Each computer is responsible for setting up and maintaining its own security
for these resources.
 Also each computer is responsible for accessing the required network
resources from peer to peer relationships.
 Peer to peer network is useful for a small network containing less than 10
computers on a single LAN .
 In peer to peer network each computer can function as both client and server.
 Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system. There are no
servers in peer networks.
 Peer networks are amplified into home group.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Advantages & Disadvantages Of
Peer To Peer Network:
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Use less expensive computer  Not very secure
hardware  No central point of storage
 Easy to administer or file archiving
 No NOS required  Additional load on computer
 More built in redundancy because of resource sharing
 Hard to maintain version
 Easy setup & low cost
control

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Client/Server Network
 In client-server network relationships, certain computers act as server and
other act as clients. A server is simply a computer, that available the
network resources and provides service to other computers when they
request it. A client is the computer running a program that requests the
service from a server.
 Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network relationship.
 A client-server network is one n which all available network resources such
as files, directories, applications and shared devices, are centrally managed
and hosted and then are accessed by client.
 Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on a network
that provide security and administration of the network.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Advantages And Disadvantages
Of Client-server Network
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Very secure  requires professional administration
  More hardware-intensive
Better performance
  More software intensive
Centralized backup
 Expensive dedicated software
 very reliable

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

 TYPES OF SERVERS

SERVERS

Print Applicatio Message Database

File server
server n server sever server

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET

Types Of Servers
 File server: These servers provide the services for storing, retrieving and
moving the data. A user can read, write, exchange and manage the files with the
help of file servers.
 Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling and managing printing
on the network. It also offers the fax service to the network users.
 Application server: The expensive software and additional computing power
can be shared by the computers in a network with he help of application servers.
 Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction between users,
documents and applications. The data can be used in the for of audio, video,
binary, text or graphics.
 Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows the uses to access
the centralised strong database.

Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET