ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES

FASHION GENERAL
OF DESIGN
To understand how elements & principles of design combine
to create an aesthetically appealing garment
Before that....
Know Your Industry ???

1.Food 2.Cloth 2.Shelter

 Know Your Industry ???
From the beginning, clothing has served the
same basic human needs.
Protection = Physical
01 0 Modesty = Social needs
needs
2

Adornment &
0 identification = Physical 0 Status = Social needs
3 needs 4
 Know Your Industry ???
1. Protection
Clothing can prevent harm caused by the climate and the
environment.
Cloth supplements our natural body covering like a
01 skin.
“second
Protective clothing give physical protection to the body
-From environmental dangers
-From weather
-From Enemies
 Know Your Industry ???
2. Adornment & Identification
Adornment
-Clothing can affect a persons mental attitude
or moral in a good way. Beauty is quality that
gives01
pleasure to the senses, and gives a
positive emotional reaction to the viewer.
-The way one culture shows
beauty in clothing.
 Know Your Industry ???
2. Adornment & Identification
Identification
Identification is the process of establishing or describing who
someone is or what someone does.
Uniforms are a way of identifying roles
01
 Know Your Industry ???
3. Modesty
modest dressing refers to a fashion
trend in women of wearing less skin-
revealing clothes, especially in a way
01
that satisfies their spiritual and stylistic
requirements for reasons of faith,
religion or personal preference
 Know Your Industry ???
4. Status
A persons status is his or
her rank or position in
comparison to others.
“good01“ or ‘high’ status is
usually associated with
recognition, prestige and
social acceptance.
 Know Your Industry ???

Fashion & Personal Design

Pattern Maker Fashion Stylist
Costume Designer Label & Entrepreneur

Visual Merchandiser Quality Controller Graphic Designer Fashion Photography

 For Designers For Pattern
& Entrepreneur Makers

Skills Required to setup

02
01 Career in this field
Strong Conceptual/Trends Efficient in
Knowledge, Good in Drafting/Drawing,
Art/Illustrations/Color, Friendly with
Quality Checker Machines
 Art v/s Design

Art and design are two of the most popular forms of

visual communication.
Designs
01 have to solve problems, while art should provoke
thought and emotions.
Designers work methodically with a data-driven or
mathematical process, while artists work intuitively using
their instinct.
Art is perceptual, while a design is rational.
Designs are created for others; art is for oneself.
 Art v/s Design

01
 Art v/s Design

Question

011. Why Art is personal and Design is Commercial ?

2. Why Satisfaction of Artist is Compulsory in Art and

Satisfaction of Customer is Compulsory in Design ?
 What is Craft ?
Craft an activity involving skill in making things by hand - such as
pottery, carpentry, and sewing.
01
 FASHION GENERAL
ELEMENTS . OF DESIGN
01
01
 Elements of design

The elements of design are the fundamental

aspects of any visual design which include
01 shape, color, space, form, line, value, and
texture.

Inform us where to begin, what to probe and

how to analyze.

Elements are Communication tool for Design.

 1. Circles/Dots/Point

First/ Simplest/ Smallest and most

basic element of design.

It is 0 dimensional object.

As dots increase in size we start to see

them as shapes, but they still retain
their fundamental dot-like qualities
and characteristics.
can form complex shapes, patterns,
textures
Stippling
 2. Lines
- Line is the path of a moving point. Artists use lines to
create edges,
the outline of objects/garments & Lines are everywhere.
 Hatching

Hatching is an artistic technique used to create tonal or

shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely
spaced parallel lines. When lines are placed at an angle to
one another, it is called cross-hatching.
DO’S DON’TS
 3. Shapes
- A Shape is closed line.
Shapes are two-dimensional(2D)
areas.
Shapes only have height and width.
To see the shape of an object is to
look at shadows.
- Shadows flatten a three
dimensional object into a flat shape.
This enables you to see the object in
a different way, without details like
color and texture.
There are three basic types of
shapes:
• Geometric Shapes
• Organic / Natural Shapes
 1. Geometric Shapes
Geometric shapes are
defined as figures closed by
a boundary
01 which is made
by combining a definite
amount of curves, points,
and line segments. Each
shape has a unique name
such as circle, square,
triangle, rectangle, etc.
2. Organic/Natural Shapes

ORGANIC​shapes are
free-form shapes. They
are irregular
01 and uneven
shapes and are the type
you see in nature.
They have more curves
and are uneven.
3. Abstract Shapes

Abstract shapes are

created by abstracting
the01most basic and
recognizable aspects of a
real-life shape and
creating a simplified
representation of it.
 Implied Shapes
Implied shapes are shapes that
01
are suggested or incomplete
that is filled by the viewer.
They can be geometric or
freeform.
 4.Forms
-Form is the three-dimensional
development of a two-
dimensional shape. For
example, a 2D shape like a
circle could be transformed into
a 3D form like a sphere.
-Sculptures and decorative arts
deal with form.
-Form may be created by the
forming of two or more shapes.
-It may be enhanced by tone,
texture and colour.
-Form can be viewed from
many angles.
 2D Form
-Two-Dimensional Form constructs the illusion of 3D in 2D media
by a skilful manipulation of the visual elements. Perspective
drawing
 6. Texture
-Def. 1 - Texture is defined as the
surface characteristics of a material
that can be experienced through the
sense of touch or the illusion of touch.
- Def. 2 - Texture refers to the surface
quality in a work of art.
- In simpler terms, the texture is the
visual tone of a design.

Types of Textures :-
1. Tactile
2. Visual
3. Natural
4. Artificial
 Tactile texture
Tactile texture
relates to the actual
feeling of a surface
– smooth, rough,
soft, hard, etc.
 Visual texture
when we represent
a tactile texture
using graphic
element, we get
visual texture.
Natural texture :- belongs to natural
elements.
 Artificial Texture : - The Surface of any object made by us.

Artificial Texture : - The Surface of any object made by us.

 7. Value
-Value is the darkness or the
lightness of an object in a
composition or document. Any
change in the lightness or
darkness of an object creates a
value shift.
-This shift can also occur in
color since any hue can be
manipulated to be darker or
lighter.
 7. Color

- Visible is Color.
- Color is a perception that
occurs in living beings.
- Color helps us to understand
the world around us.Our eyes
only see the colors that are
bounced off or reflected.
- Our eyes cannot
perceive/recognize the light that is
absorbed by an object. An apple,
for example, absorbs all colors,
except red. Because the red is
reflected and is captured by our
eyes, we see the red color of the
apple.

- To experience color three factors

must exist
a) Light- this is the source of color.
b) Surface, which reflects color.
c) Eye which perceives/recognizes
color.
- Sir Isaac Newton was one of
the first scientists to
investigate color theory.
Around 1671-72 he
discovered the origin of color
when he shown a beam of
light through an angular
prism and split it into
the spectrum the various
colors of the rainbow.
-color comes from light - in fact,
that color is light.

-When white light is passed

through the prism it breaks up into
seven colors of V(Violet), I(Indigo),
B(Blue), G(green), Y(yellow),
O(orange), R(red), VIBGYOR. These
are called the colors of the
spectrum.
 EXCERCISE

The Tint, Tone & Shade

Practical Exercises

Color – Water/Poster Color

Brush – Round Brush
Study of Color Theory :
1.Color Wheel
2.Color Values
3.Color Scheme

1.COLOR WHEEL
The color wheel was developed
by Sir Isaac Newton.Color wheel
allows color relationships to be
represented geometrically, and
show the relationship between
Primary colors, Secondary colors
and Tertiary colors.
 a) Primary Colors:

The primary colors are red,

yellow, and blue. They are
called primary for a couple
of reasons. No two colors
can be mixed to create a
primary color. In other
words, primary colors can
only be created through
the use of natural
pigments.
b) Secondary Colors:

The secondary colors are

orange, green, and
purple. Secondary colors
are created by mixing
equal parts of two primary
colors. Yellow and blue
will give you green. Red
and blue will create
purple(violet). Red and
yellow will give you
orange.
 c) Tertiary Colors:

Tertiary colors are created by

mixing equal part of a
secondary color and a
primary color together. There
are six tertiary colors- red-
purple, red-orange, blue-
green, yellow-green, blue-
purple, and yellow-orange.
Notice that the proper way to
refer to tertiary colors is by
listing the primary color first
and the secondary color,
second.
 The Color Wheel
Practical EXCERCISE :

Make a color wheel with

Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary colors

Color – Water/Poster Color

Brush – Round Brush
WARM COLOR
Warm colors consist of orange, red,
yellow, and combinations of these and
similar colors. As the name indicates,
they tend to make you think of warm
things, such as sunlight and heat.
They often evoke strong emotions and
promote activity

COOL COLOR
Cool colors are typified by blue,
green, and purple and their hybrids.
They can calm and soothing. Cool
colors remind you of water and sky,
even ice and snow.
WARM
COLORS

COOL
COLORS
What is Color Scheme?

A color scheme is a planned

combination of colors used
together to create a specific look or
feel in design. It involves selecting
colors that work well together to
produce harmony and visual
interest.

Color schemes can set a mood,

convey a message, or create a
certain atmosphere in things like
artwork, websites, interiors, and
fashion. Common types of color
schemes include monochromatic,
analogous, and complementary
1. Monochromatic Color
Scheme
Monochromatic color schemes focus on a
single color, often using variations of that
hue by incorporating its tints, tones, and
shades. By adding touches of white, gray,
or black, that single color can be
expanded into a comprehensive color
palette.
2. Analogous Color Scheme
Analogous colors consist of a group of
three colors that border each other within
the color wheel. This type of color
scheme starts off with a base hue and is
extended using two neighboring colors.
The word “analogous” means closely
related, so the combination of these hues
has a harmonious appeal similar to that
of monochromatic color schemes.
3. Complementary
Color Scheme
Complementary colors sit
opposite to each other on a
color wheel. These can be any
two colors but the main
complementary color pairings
are typically blue and orange,
red and green, and yellow and
purple.
5. Double Split
Complementary Color
Scheme
A double split complementary color
scheme, also known as a tetradic color
scheme, involves four colors: a pair of
complementary colors.
This creates a rich and diverse palette
with plenty of contrast and variety. For
example, if you choose blue and orange
as one pair, you would also use yellow-
orange
6. Achromatic Color
Scheme
Achromatic colors are colors without
hue, meaning they do not appear on
the color wheel. These include black,
white, and all the shades of gray in
between. Achromatic color schemes
use these neutral colors to create a
clean, simple, and timeless look.
They are often used in design for a
sophisticated and elegant effect.
 Space

-Space refers to the area that a

shape or form occupies. It also
refers to the background
against which we see the shape
or form. Space can be defined
as positive and negative. The
positive space of a design is
the filled space in the design
 Positive / Negative Space

Positive space refers to the

main 01
focus of a picture, while
negative space refers to the
background.
 Positive / Negative Space
For example, do you see
faces or a vase? If you are
seeing a vase, then you are
seeing the white area as
the positive
01 space. The
black areas become the
negative space. If you are
seeing faces, then you are
seeing the black areas as
the positive space, and the
white area as the negative
space.