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Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition is the process of identifying patterns using machine learning algorithms, with applications in areas like speech recognition and medical diagnosis. It involves training a model on a dataset, which is divided into training and testing sets to evaluate accuracy. While it offers advantages such as solving classification problems, it also has drawbacks like complexity and the need for large datasets.

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Aditi Chauhan
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20 views

Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition is the process of identifying patterns using machine learning algorithms, with applications in areas like speech recognition and medical diagnosis. It involves training a model on a dataset, which is divided into training and testing sets to evaluate accuracy. While it offers advantages such as solving classification problems, it also has drawbacks like complexity and the need for large datasets.

Uploaded by

Aditi Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pattern Recognition

What is Pattern Recognition?


 Pattern recognition is the process of recognizing patterns by using machine learning algorithm.

 Pattern recognition can be defined as the classification of data based on knowledge already gained or on
statistical information extracted from patterns and/or their representation.

 One of the important aspects of the pattern recognition is its application potential.

 Examples: Speech recognition, speaker identification, multimedia document recognition (MDR), automatic
medical diagnosis.

 In a typical pattern recognition application, the raw data is processed and converted into a form that is
amenable for a machine to use.
Feature
 may be represented as continuous, discrete or discrete binary variables.

 A feature is a function of one or more measurements, computed so that it quantifies some significant
characteristics of the object.

 Example: consider our face then eyes, ears, nose etc are features of the face.

 A set of features that are taken together, forms the features vector.

 Example: In the above example of face, if all the features (eyes, ears, nose etc) taken together then the
sequence is feature vector ([eyes, ears, nose]). Feature vector is the sequence of a features represented as a
d-dimensional column vector. In case of speech, MFCC (Melfrequency Cepstral Coefficent) is the spectral
features of the speech. Sequence of first 13 features forms a feature vector.
Pattern recognition possesses the following features:

 Pattern recognition system should recognise familiar pattern quickly and accurate

 Recognize and classify unfamiliar objects

 Accurately recognize shapes and objects from different angles

 Identify patterns and objects even when partly hidden

 Recognise patterns quickly with ease, and with automaticity.


Training and Learning in Pattern Recognition

 Learning is a phenomenon through which a system gets trained and becomes adaptable to give result in an
accurate manner.

 Learning is the most important phase as how well the system performs on the data provided to the system
depends on which algorithms used on the data.

 Entire dataset is divided into two categories, one which is used in training the model i.e. Training set

 the other that is used in testing the model after training, i.e. Testing set.
Training Set
 Training set is used to build a model.

 It consists of the set of images which are used to train the system.

 Training rules and algorithms used give relevant information on how to associate input data with output
decision.

 The system is trained by applying these algorithms on the dataset, all the relevant information is extracted
from the data and results are obtained.

• Generally, 80% of the data of the dataset is taken for training data
Testing Set
 Testing data is used to test the system.

 It is the set of data which is used to verify whether the system is producing the correct output after being
trained or not.

 Generally, 20% of the data of the dataset is used for testing.

 Testing data is used to measure the accuracy of the system.

 Example: a system which identifies which category a particular flower belongs to, is able to identify seven
category of flowers correctly out of ten and rest others wrong, then the accuracy is 70 %
Advantages
 Pattern recognition solves classification problems

 Pattern recognition solves the problem of fake bio metric detection.

 It is useful for cloth pattern recognition for visually impaired blind people.

 It helps in speaker diarization.

• We can recognise particular object from different angle


Disadvantages
 Syntactic Pattern recognition approach is complex to implement and it is very slow process.

 Sometime to get better accuracy, larger dataset is required.

 It cannot explain why a particular object is recognized.


Example: my face vs my friend’s face.
Applications
 Image processing, segmentation and analysis: Pattern recognition is used to give human recognition intelligence to machine
which is required in image processing.
 Computer vision: Pattern recognition is used to extract meaningful features from given image/video samples and is used in
computer vision for various applications like biological and biomedical imaging.
 Seismic analysis: Pattern recognition approach is used for the discovery, imaging and interpretation of temporal patterns in
seismic array recordings. Statistical pattern recognition is implemented and used in different types of seismic analysis models.
 Radar signal classification/analysis: Pattern recognition and Signal processing methods are used in various applications of
radar signal classifications like AP mine detection and identification.
 Speech recognition: The greatest success in speech recognition has been obtained using pattern recognition paradigms. It is
used in various algorithms of speech recognition which tries to avoid the problems of using a phoneme level of description
and treats larger units such as words as pattern
 Finger print identification: The fingerprint recognition technique is a dominant technology in the biometric market. A
number of recognition methods have been used to perform fingerprint matching out of which pattern recognition approaches
is widely used.

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