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4.Motion

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, defining scalar quantities as those with only magnitude and vector quantities as those with both magnitude and direction. It discusses motion, including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration, highlighting their differences and units of measurement. Additionally, it categorizes types of motion such as translational, rotational, linear, periodic, simple harmonic, projectile, and oscillatory.

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25 views

4.Motion

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, defining scalar quantities as those with only magnitude and vector quantities as those with both magnitude and direction. It discusses motion, including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration, highlighting their differences and units of measurement. Additionally, it categorizes types of motion such as translational, rotational, linear, periodic, simple harmonic, projectile, and oscillatory.

Uploaded by

hanerylouiswang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Scalar and Vector quantities

 What is motion?
 Describing motion
 Types of motion
Scalar and Vector quantities
• Some physical quantities of physics described in a number
(magnitude) with appropriate unit so called scalar quantity
Example of scalar quantity – distance, speed, mass, length,
time, temperature, electric current

• Some quantities not only have magnitude but also the have the
direction is required for the complete description of such
quantities , this is called vector quantity
Example of vector quantity - Acceleration, Displacement,
Momentum, velocity, Force, Electric field
What is motion?
• Motion is the change in position of an object with
respect to time taken
• The motion of an object with some mass can be
described in terms of the following:
• Distance
• Displacement
• Speed
• Velocity
• Time
• Acceleration
Distance and Displacement
Distance ( distance travelled)
• is the length of the path along which the body moves

• no specific direction and has only magnitude so it is scalar


Displacement
• is the distance travelled along a particular direction

• has a specific direction and is always directed from starting


point to end point
• has both magnitude and direction, so it is vector
Understanding distance and
displacement

A man travels from point A


to start and end point A 3m
So , find the distance and
displacement of a man
travels?
Difference between distance
and displacement
Distance Displacement

The complete length of the path Displacement is the direct length


between any two points is called between any two points when
distance measured along the minimum path
between them

Distance is a scalar quantity as it only Displacement is a vector quantity as it


depends upon the magnitude and not depends upon both magnitude and
the direction direction

Distance can only have positive values Displacement can be positive, negative
and even zero

The unit of distance metre (m) The unit of displacement is metre (m)
Speed and Velocity
Speed
• is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an object is moving
and the ratio of distance and time taken
• A slow-moving object that has a low speed, small amount of
distance in the same amount of time and also in a fast-moving
object
• An object with no movement at all has a zero speed
Velocity
• is a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which an object
changes its position“
• Velocity is direction aware
• is the ratio of displacement and time taken
Understanding Speed and
Velocity
Difference between speed and
velocity
Speed velocity

The rate at which an object covers a Velocity can be defined as the rate at
certain distance is known as speed which an object changes position in a
certain direction

Scalar quantity and can never be Vector quantity and can be zero,
negative or zero negative, or positive

The average speed will continue to The velocity of the object changes
count even if the object changes with the change in direction, therefore
direction the object must follow one direction

Speeds is measured in m/s Velocity is measured in m/s


Acceleration
• When a body is moving along a straight line with a constant
speed, the velocity of the body is also constant because its
magnitude and direction remain constant
Uniform motion
• For a motion with constant velocity equal displacement take place
in equal intervals of time and motion with constant velocity is
known as uniform motion
Non-uniform motion
• If either magnitude or direction or both magnitude and magnitude
of the velocity changes, the body is said to have and acceleration
and motion with changing velocity is called non-uniform motion
• Acceleration (non-uniform motion) is the rate of change of
velocity and also means changing speed but not always
• The Unit of acceleration is m/s2
Understanding Acceleration
What is average in Physics?
• Average in physics is the ratio of the sum of quantities to the total
number of quantities
Why is it important to take average in physics?
• To make our calculation errorless
• It is better to make three measurements and calculate the average of the
three
• Average speed
Average speed is defined as the total distance travelled by the body in total
time i.e.
Average Speed= Total time/Total distance​
It is a scalar quantity. Its unit is m/s
• Average velocity
Average Velocity= Total time/Total Displacement​
It is a vector quantity and has units of m/s.
Magnitude of average velocity is always less than or equal to the average
speed because displacement is always smaller than or equal to distance.
Average acceleration
• The average acceleration is defined as the total change in
velocity in the given interval divided by the total time taken for
the change
Types of Motion
• The motion of an object depends on the type of force
acting on the body
• Translational – is an object moves along a path in any of
the three dimensions
• Rotational – is an object moves along a circular path
about a fixed axis
• Linear – is a type of translational motion where the body
moves in a single direction along a single dimension.
• Periodic – is the type of motion that repeats itself after
certain intervals of time
• Simple Harmonic – It is the type of motion like that of a
simple pendulum
• Projectile – is the type of motion which has a horizontal
displacement as well as vertical displacement.
• Oscillatory – It is the type of motion which is repetitive in
nature within a time frame. If it is mechanical it is called
vibration

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