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Chapter-1-ppt-in-history-of-computers

The document outlines the history of computers, detailing their evolution from manual computational devices like the abacus and Napier's Bones to mechanical calculators such as Pascaline and Leibnitz's Calculator. It highlights significant inventions, including Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, which laid the foundation for modern computers, and the development of electromechanical computers like the Atanasoff-Berry Computer and ENIAC. The history culminates with the creation of the UNIVAC, the first general-purpose commercial computer used by the US Census Bureau in 1951.

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9 views

Chapter-1-ppt-in-history-of-computers

The document outlines the history of computers, detailing their evolution from manual computational devices like the abacus and Napier's Bones to mechanical calculators such as Pascaline and Leibnitz's Calculator. It highlights significant inventions, including Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, which laid the foundation for modern computers, and the development of electromechanical computers like the Atanasoff-Berry Computer and ENIAC. The history culminates with the creation of the UNIVAC, the first general-purpose commercial computer used by the US Census Bureau in 1951.

Uploaded by

slayer Thunder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF COMPUTER

COMPUTERS

• Are basically any form of electronic device


that manipulates information or data. It is a
device that can be instructed to carry out a
sequence of arithmetic or logical operations
automatically via computer programming.
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

The development of computational devices can be


grouped into:
1. Manual Computational Devices
• Abacus- Over 5,000 years ago, the abacus was used in
Babylon 2000 years before Greeks used it to help with
calculating. It was also used in Europe, China, Russia but
its exact origin is still unknown.
• Napier’s Bones- John Napier invented “logarithms” which
used lookup tables to find the solution to otherwise
tedious and error-prone mathematical calculations.
• Oughtred’s Slide Rule- Though it appeared various forms
in Europe during the 17th century, the early form of slide
rule was created in 1632 by the English mathematician
William Oughtred.
2. Manual Mechanical Calculators
• Pascaline- This famous French philosopher
and mathematician, Blaise Pascal invented
the first calculator in 1645 to help with the
collecting taxes.
• Leibnitz’s Calculator- Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibnitz invented the machine in 1674,
around 30 years after pascal invented his
machine. He called it the “Stepped Reckoner”
and it could not only add and subtract but
divide and multiply as well.
• Jacquards William Loom- Joseph Marie Jacquard
was a weaver. In 1804, he got the bright idea of
adapting the use of punched cards used in musical
boxes to control his looms. His invention provided
a model for the input and output of the data in the
electro-mechanical and electronic computing
industry.
• Difference Engine and Analytical Engine-In 1830, Charles Babbage
an English mathematician invented the “Difference Engine” that
would solve certain equations. After the British government
withdrew is financial support to his project, he later conceived the
idea to invent the “Analytical Engine” which he hoped would
perform many kinds of calculations. His idea embodied the five key
features of our modern computer: an input device, a place for
storage, a processor, a control unit, and an output device.
This invention earns him the title “ Father of Computer”.
After the Babbage’s death, his own son was able to
design and construct the analytical engine. Her name is
Augusta Ada Byron and later become the countess of
Lovelace. Because of her close association with
Babbage and her publication of notes about his work,
she was named “The first computer programmer”.
3. Electromechanical Computers
- Hollerinth’s punched card machine- In the 1880s, Dr. Herman
Hollerith a statistician with the US Bureau of census, completed a set
of machines to help process the results of the 1890 census.
• Atanasoff- Berry Computer(ABC)
- 1939
- A German engineer Konrad Zuse invented the first general purpose
computer.
-An American professor Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff of the
Iowa State College(now university) and his graduating
student Clifford Berry, began building the prototype of the
first computing machine to use electricity and vacuum tubes,
binary numbers, capacitors in a rotating drum for memory
elements and logical systems for computing. The result was
ABC or the Atanasoff Berry Computer, the world’s first
automatic electronic digital computer.
-Mark I
-1940’s
-Harvard University professor Howard Hathaway Aiken invented the
automatic general purpose calculator called Mark I in1944 which in
turn was financed by the International Business Machine(IBM). The
official namae of Mark I was Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator.
• Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer(ENIAC)
-John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert invented the Electrical
Numerical Integrator and Computer(ENIAC) that was used in World
War 11 to calculate trajectory tables for new guns.
• Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic(EDVAC)
-In 1946, Dr. John von Neumann, a Hungarian born mathematician,
proposed a modified version of the ENIAC. He suggested the stored
program concept. There proposals was later adopted by Princeton
University which develop the EDVAC.
• Universal Automatic Computer( UNIVAC)
- When World War 11 was over, Mauchly and Eckert develop
the UNIVAC, the first general purpose commercial computer.
This was used by the US Census Bureau in 1951.

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